In the PASSIVE VOICE for the PERFECT SYSTEM, Latin uses the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE (a.k.a. the 4th principal part) with a FORM OF THE VERB SUM, written as two separate words.
perfect tense = perf. pass. participle and PRESENT tense of sum
pluperfect tense = perf. pass. participle and IMPERFECT tense of sum
future perfect tense = perf. pass. participle and FUTURE tense of sum
See the chart below for examples:
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus: to see; 3rd pers. singular masculine
ACTIVE | PASSIVE | |
|---|---|---|
perfect | vīdit | vīsus est |
translation | he has seen or he saw | he has been seen or he was seen |
pluperfect | vīderat | vīsus erat |
translation | he had seen | he had been seen |
future perfect | vīderit | vīsus erit |
translation | he will have seen | he will have been seen |
Because the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE (a.k.a. the 4th principal part) is an ADJECTIVE, it will change in GENDER and NUMBER to match the SUBJECT of the verb. It will always be NOMINATIVE, since it modifies the subject.
See below for examples using the verbs videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus: to see.
LATIN | ENGLISH |
|---|---|
Mārcus a fūre vīsus est. | Marcus was seen by the thief. |
Cornēlia ā fūre vīsa est. | Cornelia was seen by the thief. |
Perīculum ā fūre vīsum est. | The danger was seen by the thief. |
Puerī a fūre vīsī sunt. | The boys were seen by the thief. |
Puellae ā fūre vīsae sunt. | The girls were seen by the thief. |
Perīcula ā fūre vīsa sunt. | The dangers were seen by the thief. |
Match the verbs at the left with the meanings at the right.
| Draggable item | arrow_right_alt | Corresponding Item |
|---|---|---|
vīsae sumus | arrow_right_alt | we had been seen |
vīsī erāmus | arrow_right_alt | it will have been seen |
vīsī erunt | arrow_right_alt | you [pl.] had been seen |
vīsae erātis | arrow_right_alt | we were seen |
vīsa sum | arrow_right_alt | you [sing.] have been seen |
vīsum erit | arrow_right_alt | I was seen |
vīsus es | arrow_right_alt | they will have been seen |
Match the verbs at the left with the meanings at the right.
| Draggable item | arrow_right_alt | Corresponding Item |
|---|---|---|
audīta sunt | arrow_right_alt | it had been heard |
audīta erō | arrow_right_alt | you [pl.] have been heard |
audītae erimus | arrow_right_alt | they have been heard |
audītī eritis | arrow_right_alt | you [sing.] were heard |
audītum erat | arrow_right_alt | I will have been heard |
audītus est | arrow_right_alt | we will have been heard |
audītae estis | arrow_right_alt | you [pl.] will have been heard |
audītus es | arrow_right_alt | he has been heard |
Change each of the following verbs below from ACTIVE to PASSIVE, keeping the same PERSON and NUMBER. Then translate both verbs. NOTE: Gender is specified so that you know what ending to use on the participle.
PRINCIPAL PARTS | ACTIVE | PASSIVE |
|---|---|---|
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus: to order | iussit (m.) | iussus est |
translation: | he ordered or he has ordered | he was ordered or he has been ordered |
audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus: to hear | audīverat (f.) | |
translation: | ||
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus: to drag | trāxistī (f.) | |
translation: | ||
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to prepare | parāvimus (m.) | |
translation: | ||
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus: to send | mīserō (f.) | |
translation: | ||
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus: to move | mōverant (m.) | |
translation: |
Change each of the following verbs below from ACTIVE to PASSIVE, keeping the same PERSON and NUMBER. Then translate both verbs. NOTE: Gender is specified so that you know what ending to use on the participle.
PRINCIPAL PARTS | ACTIVE | PASSIVE |
|---|---|---|
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus: to order | iussit (m.) | iussus est |
translation: | he ordered or he has ordered | he was ordered or he has been ordered |
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to carry | portāveritis (m.) | |
translation: | ||
auferō, auferre, attulī, allātus: to carry away | attulerāmus (f.) | |
translation: | ||
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus: to overwhelm | oppressit (n.) | |
translation: | ||
ēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectus: to thrown out | ēiēcī (m.) | |
translation: | ||
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus: to send | mīserit (f.) | |
translation: |