AP HUG -- Module 42 notes [Challenges of Contemporary Agriculture]

in Germany at the turn of the 21st century

in the United States in 1996

in China and Southeast Asia at the start of the Green Revolution

in the North America in the mid 1960s

83%

90%

100%

50%

GMOs continue the trend of pushing subsistence farmers to the margins of the agricultural economy

chemicals used within GMOs pose a significant threat to the environment

GMOs further increase the income disparity between poor and wealthy farmers

the expense of producing GMOs is too large to justify adopting them nationwide

has been in worldwide decline since the turn of the 21st century. Likely to be abandoned altogether by 2050

subject to much regulation and legislation, particularly in the European Union

has seen success in the United States and Europe, but in 2010 China and other far eastern countries passed laws banning its practice

rapid increases since the 1970s. surpassed wild caught food in 2017.

China

United States

Indonesia

the Philippines

Vietnam

Japan

man landed on the moon

CO2 emissions had declined from the previous year, indicating a reduction of global warming

for the first time in history, more people lived in cities than in the countryside

Skynet became self aware, saw all humans as a threat, and decided our fate in a microsecond: extermination

the first genetically modified animal, a salmon, was made available to consumers

low barrier to entry

lack of access to nutritious foods in cities

a shift in government incentives that benefits subsistence farming

little effort required on the part of the individual farmers

credit backed

government funded

pay as you go

slavery*

a subscription service

multinational corporations

farmers' markets

fish farming

CAFOs

contribution to global warming

the use of agrichemicals

animal cruelty

government subsidies

California in the 1970s

the United Kingdom in the 1950s

Beijing during the Green Revolution

Mexico and Brazil at the turn of the 21st century

social justice

improving crop-yields

the globalization of agriculture

reducing global warming

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

poor people have limited access to fresh, healthy, nutrient rich foods

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

poor people have limited access to fresh, healthy, nutrient rich foods

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

aquaculture

fair trade

urban farming

agribusinesses

malnutrition due to the high costs of food in less developed regions of the world

poor people have limited access to fresh, healthy, nutrient rich foods

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

poor people have limited access to fresh, healthy, nutrient rich foods

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

malnutrition due to the high costs of food in less developed regions of the world

malnutrition due to the high costs of food in less developed regions of the world

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

contamination of food at some point in the global commodity chain that can cause illness and death

the loss of good farmland to housing and retail developments

poor people have limited access to fresh, healthy, nutrient rich foods

long and short term undernourishment due to fluctuations in the agricultural economy, often as a result of local conflicts or adverse weather conditions

an increase in extreme weather that will lead to droughts and floods, as well as a shift in regional weather patterns that will make some areas no longer suitable for agriculture

malnutrition due to the high costs of food in less developed regions of the world

climate change

food safety

food insecurity

food distribution inequality

suburbanization

food desert

large-scale agribusinesses can develop better relationships with local populations, better adapting to changes in preference

Small-scale farmers are not able to react to market or political changes as quickly or efficiently as large-scale agribusinesses

small-scale farmers cannot predict the natural disasters and regional conflicts that will affect their local agricultural economy

large-scale agribusinesses fit better into the von Thunen model framework, and thus can better adapt it to their overseas enterprises

small-scale farmers lack the investment capital to take full advantage of their land