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Unit 2 Performance Task: The Flashy Guppy Data Analysis

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Posljednje ažuriranje 3 months ago
16

Introduction: The Flashy Guppy

A properly dressed male guppy, with its bright blue spots and brilliant splashes of orange, can’t help but stand out. But for a fish that spends its life swimming among predators, it seems that good camouflage would have a big advantage over colors that attract attention. If flashiness is a dangerous risk, why do we still see this trait in the population?

Endler’s Research

In the 1970s, a scientist named John Endler studied guppies in Trinidad. He noticed that guppies in different streams looked very different. Even guppies in the same stream looked different.  Males from one pool had bright blue and orange spots along their sides, while those farther downstream carried only small dots of color near their tails. Endler also observed differences in the location of guppy predators and in the color and size of gravel in different stream locations.

Endler photographed hundreds of guppies and carefully collected data about their size, color, and the size and placement of their spots. He began to see a strong relationship between where guppies lived in a particular stream and whether the fish were bright or dull. But what was responsible for these trends in coloration? And if bright colors made guppies more noticeable to predators, why should males be colorful at all? To find out, Endler formed a hypothesis based on his observations and then set out to test it. Based on his tests, he made one of the most important discoveries in evolutionary biology.

ANALYZING DATA

(Experimental Site 1 - Deep Pool)

Directions: The data sets shown are representative of findings from Endler’s research. Examine the data and complete the tables and graphs for experimental site 1.

Obavezno
1
Pitanje 1a
1a.

Complete the Percent of Population vs. Color bar graph in the image below.

Obavezno
1
Pitanje 1b
1b.
Obavezno
1
Obavezno
1
Pitanje 1d
1d.

Reasoning: Explain your reasoning as to why your 2 chosen pieces of evidence prove your claim.

Your reasoning section should be 3-5 sentences in length to fully explain each piece of evidence and how it proves the claim.

ANALYZING DATA

(Experimental Site 2 - Shallow Pool)

Directions: The data sets shown are representative of findings from Endler’s research. Examine the data and complete the tables and graphs for experimental site 2.

Obavezno
4
Pitanje 2a
2a.

Complete the chart of Data Collected AND the Percent of Population vs. Color bar graph in the image below.

To complete the missing percentages in the data chart, you must CALCULATE the percentages using the percent formula and show your work. Round your final answer to a whole number. The first one has been done for you.

Obavezno
1
Pitanje 2b
2b.
Obavezno
1
Obavezno
1
Pitanje 2d
2d.

Reasoning: Explain your reasoning as to why your 2 chosen pieces of evidence prove your claim.

Your reasoning section should be 3-5 sentences in length to fully explain each piece of evidence and how it proves the claim.

ANALYZING DATA

(Experimental Site 3 - Pool Behind Natural Dam)

Directions: The data sets shown are representative of findings from Endler’s research. Examine the data and complete the tables and graphs for experimental site 3.

.

Obavezno
5
Pitanje 3a
3a.

Complete the chart of Data Collected AND the Percent of Population vs. Color bar graph in the image below.

To complete all missing percentages in the data chart, you must CALCULATE the percentages using the percent formula and show your work. Round your final answer to a whole number.

Obavezno
1
Pitanje 3b
3b.
Obavezno
1
Obavezno
1
Pitanje 3d
3d.

Reasoning: Explain your reasoning as to why your 2 chosen pieces of evidence prove your claim.

Your reasoning section should be 3-5 sentences in length to fully explain each piece of evidence and how it proves the claim.

Drawing Conclusions

Using all the data, reading, and resources thus far answer the following concluding questions.

Obavezno
2
Pitanje 4a
4a.

Examine the length of time Endler waited to collect data. Why do you think he waited this long?

Use one or more of the data sets to explain your answer.

Obavezno
1
Obavezno
1
Obavezno
3
Pitanje 4d
4d.

Make a final claim about whether natural selection is acting on guppy color variations. Identify three missing pieces of evidence needed for further support. Use the words heritability, selection and reproduction in your answers.

Missing Evidence 1:

Missing Evidence 2:

Missing Evidence 3:

Pitanje 1c
1c.

Evidence: Provide 2 pieces of evidence that prove your chosen claim from question 1b from the data and reading.

Select ALL that apply.

Pitanje 2c
2c.

Evidence: Provide 2 pieces of evidence that prove your chosen claim from for question 2b from the data and reading.

Select ALL that apply.

Pitanje 3c
3c.

Evidence: Provide 2 pieces of evidence that prove your chosen claim from for question 2b from the data and reading.

Select ALL that apply.

Pitanje 4b
4b.

Endler observed that even the dullest males varied in coloration across areas. What could cause this difference?

Pitanje 4c
4c.

If the dullest male moved to a new area, how might its fitness change in a different environment with different predators?