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3.02 Global Temperature Lab MOD

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22 Nsɛmmisa
Hyɛ no nsow a efi ɔkyerɛwfo no hɔ:

If you need help, please watch the class recording.

Note: the recording uses the mainstream version of this assignment.

If you need help, please watch the class recording.

Note: the recording uses the mainstream version of this assignment.

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1.

In your own words, answer at least 1 question:

  • What are greenhouse gases?

  • What are some examples of greenhouse gases?

  • How do greenhouse gases work?

  • What questions do you have about greenhouse gases?

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2.

Background:

Earth’s atmosphere is made of up many gases, mostly nitrogen N₂ and oxygen O₂ gases, but also carbon dioxide CO₂, water vapor H₂O, and methane CH₄, among other compounds. 

A greenhouse traps heat by allowing sunlight to enter through transparent walls but preventing the resulting infrared radiation from escaping back out.

Gases that absorb and reemit infrared light are greenhouse gases.  Gases that do not interact with infrared light are not greenhouse gases. 

The greenhouse effect makes temperatures favorable for life on Earth but makes other planets, like Venus, uninhabitable.

Which of the following student responses best summarizes these ideas?

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3.

Electromagnetic energy such as visible light and infrared radiation can be represented two ways:

  • As waves (with properties like wavelength and frequency that explain how it travels and bends)

  • As photons (tiny packets of energy that explain how light interacts with matter and causes chemical reactions).

You will see both models being used.

Which of the following student responses best summarizes these ideas?

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4.

Part 1: Greenhouse Gases

Open the Molecules and Light Simulation or watch the recording below.

 

In this simulation, you will observe how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum interact with different molecules of gas. 

Greenhouse gases will absorb electromagnetic energy and re-emit the energy back towards Earth's surface.

Try passing photons of infrared and visible light through molecules of each of the gases listed in the table below by clicking on the flashlight's green button. Identify if the molecule reacts to the photons.

Gas

Infrared

Visible

Nitrogen N2

Oxygen O2

Carbon Dioxide CO2

Methane CH4

Water H2O

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5.

What type of light caused the molecules to react?

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6.

Based on your observations, which gases are greenhouse gases?

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7.

Part 2: Greenhouse Effect

Open the Greenhouse Effect Simulation or watch the recording below.

Click on the Photons module.

Set the greenhouse gas concentration to none.

Uncheck "Cloud."

Observation: With no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere or no clouds, what happened to the temperature of the Earth?

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8.

Move the greenhouse gas concentration slider upward and stop at the middle.

Observation: How are the photons behaving due to the increase in greenhouse gases?

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9.

Observe the surface temperature with the slider still at the middle.

Conclusion: Which of the following is correct?

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10.

Reset the simulation or watch the recording below.

Under Greenhouse Gas Concentration, click on the calendar.  Set the conditions to Ice Age.  Observe the greenhouse gas concentrations and temperature. Switch the conditions to 1750, then 1950, then 2020.

What changes did you observe over time?

CO2

N2O

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11.

From Ice Age to 2020, the global average temperature of greenhouse gas concentrations.

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12.

Part 3: Albedo

FYI: Pronounced al·bee·dow

Switch to the Layer Model module in the PhET simulation or watch the recording below.

Move the Surface Albedo slider to 0 (low albedo).

How do the sunlight photons interact with the surface?

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13.

Move the Surface Albedo slider all the way up to 0.9 (high albedo) or watch the recording.

How do the sunlight photons interact with the surface?

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14.

Based on what you have observed, which of the following student responses best explains albedo?

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15.

Which 2 surfaces would have the lowest albedo?

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16.

The surfaces in the previous question would most of the Sun's energy.

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19.

Modern Earth has an average albedo of 0.3.

What was Earth's albedo different during the last Ice Age?

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20.

Consider the effect of decreased Arctic sea ice:

This is an example of a the overall cycle.

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21.

Part 4: Prediction & Reasoning

If greenhouse gases continue to increase AND Arctic albedo continues to decrease, predict what will happen to global temperatures over the next 50 years.

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22.

Justify in your own words:

  1. How will greenhouse gases contribute to the prediction you selected?

  2. How will albedo contribute to the prediction you selected?