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4.08 Nova Energy Lab Part 1
By Elizabeth Winer
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31.
How much of current energy use comes from coal, oil, and natural gas?
~80%
~100%
~50%
Which of the following is
NOT
a major concern of burning fossil fuels?
They are being used faster than they are being created.
They are the only energy source available.
They release large amounts of carbon dioxide that affect climate.
What is the best hope for a sustainable future?
Stopping all energy use immediately
Relying solely on current fossil fuel reserves
Developing alternative energy sources and innovative technologies
What type of energy is stored in wood, oil, coal, and natural gas?
Kinetic
Potential
Chemical
What forms of energy is the chemical energy stored in fuels converted to?
Gravitational, elastic, and sound
Thermal, mechanical, and electrical
Nuclear, radiant, and chemical
What role does a turbine play in an electrical generator system?
It converts electrical energy into motion.
Its spinning causes electrons to be pushed through wires.
It stores chemical energy for later use.
How were fossil fuels formed?
From decaying prehistoric plants and animals buried underground
From the gradual cooling of Earth's crust
From volcanic eruptions over millions of years
What is a renewable energy source?
Energy produced only from the Sun's light
Energy so plentiful it is effectively limitless for humankind
Energy that can be recycled after use
Which energy source collects the Sun’s energy directly in the form of light or heat?
Solar
Tidal
Hydroelectric
How do wind, hydroelectric, and biomass use the Sun’s energy indirectly?
Kinetic energy of flowing air and water and the chemical energy of plants
Gravitational forces between the Sun and Earth
Earth's core thermal energy
Besides the Sun, which two energy sources does the video name as plentiful enough to be considered renewable?
Geothermal and tidal energy
Nuclear and hydrogen
Coal and oil
What is the basic mechanism by which most photovoltaic (PV) cells generate electricity?
Photons from sunlight excite electrons in semiconductor material, creating an electric current.
Heat from the Sun causes water to evaporate, which then drives turbines connected to generators.
Magnetic fields generated by solar radiation push charged particles through copper wire coils.
Why hasn't solar energy completely replaced fossil fuels?
Greenhouse gas emissions
Sunlight availability
Cost, efficiency, and storage issues
What part of the turbine produces electricity once the blades rotate?
The blade tips
The generator inside the turbine
The tower foundation
What is the main challenge to wider wind power use?
Wind does not always blow in the same place or time
Wind turbines emit large amounts of greenhouse gases
Wind turbines cannot be connected to grids
Why is location a limiting factor for wind farms?
It is dangerous to put wind farms too close to cities
There are very few sites with enough wind to move the turbine blades
Windy sites are often far from cities where demand is highest
Which of the following is true regarding the costs of wind farms?
They cost nothing to build or operate
They are very expensive to build and operate
They are relatively cheap to operate but expensive to build
What would help wind power become cheaper and easier to use?
Making the turbine blades larger
Finding better ways to store the electricity it generates
Eliminating transmission lines
What is the primary source of geothermal energy?
The greenhouse effect in the atmosphere
Heat from the Earth's interior warming underground water
Heat from the sun stored at the surface
In geothermal energy production, what spins the turbine that powers the generator?
Steam/vapor
Hot water
Magma
What is the environmental benefit of geothermal energy?
High emissions and fossil fuel use
Inexpensive and easy to access
Low emissions and minimal environmental impact
How are byproducts from geothermal energy handled?
Byproducts are re-injected underground; minerals can be removed and sold
Byproducts are processed into fuel; organic matter is composted and sold
Byproducts are dumped in oceans; radioactive materials are extracted and sold
What is biomass?
Inorganic materials like plastics
Organic materials such as plants, trees, and algae
Fossil fuels like coal and oil
What is an advantage of many biofuels?
They can be made from synthetic chemicals
They can be made from extracted minerals
They can be made from leftovers or waste products.
How do researchers aim to reduce the cost of producing biofuel?
By banning conventional fuels and converting existing systems to biofuels
By developing sustainable biomass resources and more effective enzymes, organisms, and catalysts
By placing high taxes on fossil fuels
What happens to unused energy produced by solar and wind?
Easily converted to fossil fuels
Stored directly in the power grid
Lost if not captured or stored by other means
Which storage method is one of the most likely solutions?
Storing electricity as chemical energy inside giant batteries
Storing electricity as thermal energy in molten metals
Converting electricity into gravitational potential energy by pumping water up hills
Why would better energy storage allow greater reliance on renewables?
Because storage would let excess renewable electricity be used during high demand
Because storage would allow renewables to produce nonstop
Because storage makes fossil fuels more efficient than renewables
What could happen if no upgrade is made to the grid as demand increases?
Power plants will stop producing energy.
Blackouts could become a regular occurrence.
People will stop wanting to use electricity.
How would a smart grid help prevent blackouts?
By placing sensors and controls so operators learn about problems immediately.
By re-routing electricity around problem areas automatically.
By increasing the number of power plants and power lines.
How could smart technologies make the grid more efficient?
Charging customers a flat fee for all electricity regardless of demand.
Increasing overall energy production regardless of demand.
Allowing better control of when and where electricity is used to balance demand.