8.4c - World War I and the Roaring Twenties: - Practices A through E

Machine guns positioned in trenches

Biplanes used for reconnaissance

Submarines attacking cargo ships

Radio broadcasts to civilians at home

The bar chart showing estimated daily casualties increasing

The title that includes the words 'Western Front'

The aged paper and formal font style

The biplane silhouette labeled 'Reconnaissance'

To inform military leaders that new weapons required changes in tactics

To celebrate a peace treaty and announce the end of fighting

To persuade voters to elect a political party in a national election

To advertise consumer products for civilians during wartime

Open assaults relying mainly on rifles (1914)

Widespread trench lines with machine-gun positions (1915)

Large-scale gas attacks shaping planning (1916)

Routine aircraft reconnaissance for coordination (1917)

From 1914 to 1915

From 1915 to 1916

From 1916 to 1917

The chart shows the same increase each year

As machine guns and trenches spread (by 1915), attacking became more costly, slowing breakthroughs

As aircraft appeared (1917), armies stopped using ground forces, ending movement

Because gas appeared (1916), soldiers immediately refused to fight, forcing a stalemate

Because rifles were used in 1914, both sides agreed to fight only defensively

By 1917, trench defenses and machine guns made open attacks less effective than in 1914

By 1917, armies stopped using trenches because aircraft made ground fighting unnecessary

In 1914, gas masks were widely issued, so chemical weapons had little impact

In 1914, military strategy relied mainly on submarines along the Western Front

Industrial-era weapons increased firepower, forcing armies to adapt tactics and protection

Most battles were fought at sea, so new land technologies had little effect

Fighting ended quickly because both sides agreed to avoid new weapons

Changes were mainly caused by better farming tools, not military technology

The casualty estimate box showing a higher typical day in 1917 than 1914

The document’s title includes the phrase 'Western Front'

The paper looks aged and uses a formal font

The table uses two columns to organize information

Areas east (downwind) of the front line

Areas west (upwind) of the front line

Only locations far behind the rail supply route

Only coastal locations shown on the map

The North Sector likely experienced higher casualties than the South Sector

The South Sector likely experienced higher casualties than the North Sector

Both sectors had identical casualties because trench warfare was uniform

Casualties were lowest where artillery range arcs are shown

A continuous fortified line made it difficult for either side to move troops forward quickly

Trenches were placed only along rivers, so battles happened mainly at sea

Trench lines prevented the use of artillery by keeping guns too far from targets

Trenches eliminated the need for reconnaissance because positions never changed

Artillery shells

Gas masks

Aircraft (recon)

Machine guns

The government was directing resources toward war production on a larger scale

Private consumer demand was the main reason for increased weapons output

The economy relied mostly on barter instead of money during the war

War spending decreased as new technologies replaced older weapons

Rising output of weapons supported sustained firepower, making attacks more deadly

Higher costs caused armies to stop using technology, reducing casualties

More aircraft meant ground fighting ended, lowering casualties

Increased gas mask production proves gas was never used in battle