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Laabri

Icefish Mutations Lab (Part 1)

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Last updated about 4 hours ago
23 Nsɛmmisa
Section 1: Background Information
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Section 2: Protein Synthesis

The genes below are commonly associated with normal icefish embryological development.

Translate each gene to determine the amino acid sequence.

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Section 3: Gene Expression
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Section 4: Types of Mutations

Scientists create a second generation of icefish from the CRISPR-modified fish.

Use the information to determine if each mutation is a somatic or a gamete mutation.

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In Antarctica, there are several species of fish that survive in the freezing water… without ever freezing to death.

Scientists have been studying the development of these icefish in order to determine how changing ocean temperatures might affect this species.

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1.

A group of scientists placed four groups of icefish embryos (group of cells that will become a baby) into water tanks at various incubation (heat) temperatures. After 24 hours, they counted to see how many embryos developed normally and how many had some type of damage. Their results are shown below.

What can scientists conclude about the effect of temperature on developing icefish embryos?

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2.

What similarities and differences do you observe between the Normal Icefish and the Incubated Icefish?

Here is a codon chart if you need one!

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3.

DNA Sequence:

ATA - TGT - TGC - GTT - TCT - TCG

What is the name of Gene 1?

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4.

DNA Sequence:

ACC - TTT - TAA - CCG - CTC - CCT

What is the name of Gene 2?

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5.

DNA Sequence:

ACC - AGT - TGG - GAC - AAC - GGA

What is the name of Gene 3?

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6.

DNA Sequence:

TAG - GAG - AAA - GAC - AGA - TAG

What is the name of Gene 4?

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DNA Sequence:

CTT - CTT - ACC - CGT - ACG - CCA

What is the name of Gene 5?

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8.

What is CRISPR/Cas9?

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9.

How do scientists "edit" (remove/add genes to) sequences of DNA?

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10.

How does CRISPR/Cas9 relate to gene expression?

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11.

When CRISPR/Cas9 is used to continually express the CLA1 gene, then .

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12.

When CRISPR/Cas9 is used to deactivate the ODI2 gene, then .

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13.

When CRISPR/Cas9 is used to activate the MENTA gene, then .

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14.

When CRISPR/Cas9 is used to turn off the AUD6 gene, then .

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15.

When CRISPR/Cas9 is used to inactivate the VAT2 gene, then .

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16.

Which gene or genes do you think might be responsible for creating the mutations in the incubated icefish? Why do you think so?

Now that we have determined that mutations are causing changes in the development of the icefish embryos, we need to determine what type of mutation is taking place.

Gamete (germ-line) mutations occur to sex cells (sperm and egg), which are directly responsible for passing traits to offspring.

Somatic mutations occur to body cells of an individual, but will not get passed on to the offspring (babies).

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17.

A get passed on to offspring.

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18.

A get passed on to offspring.

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19.

Based on the offspring of the CLA1 parents, the CLA1 gene had a .

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20.

The offspring of ODI2 mutation.

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21.

Based on the evidence, the genetic mutation in MENTA mutation.

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22.

If none of the offspring of AUD6 have the fused fin, what type of mutation was this?

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23.

What type of mutation is VAT2?