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What kind of biomolecule is DNA?

Nucleic Acid

Protein

Lipid

Carbohydrate

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Which of the following have DNA?

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What does DNA do?

Provides instructions/contains genetic code for making proteins/traits

Provides our bodies with quick energy

Provides our bodies with energy storage and insulation

Builds our physical traits

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Which of the following have DNA?

Viruses

Animal Cells (Eukaryotes)

Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotes)

Plant Cells (Eukaryotes)

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When is DNA copied during the cell cycle?

DNA replication occurs during in eukaryotes.

STATION 1: COMPARING DNA

The drawings below show a very small section of the DNA double helix from three very different organisms: a plant, a mammal, and a bacterium.

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Each strand of DNA shown contains five nucleotides. Each nucleotide has:

S = sugar molecule called deoxyribose P = phosphate group and one of the four bases: A = adenine, C = cytosine, G = guanine, or T = thymine

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In the backbone of each strand in the DNA double helix molecule, the sugar of one nucleotide is bonded (connected) to the of the nucleotides in each strand of DNA extend toward each other in the center of the DNA double helix molecule.

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THE SUPER MOST IMPORTANT BASE PAIRING RULE!!!!

A in one strand always pairs with in the other strand.

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In the table below, select the statements that apply to each organism.

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If DNA has the same structure in all living organisms, what determines different genes? Based on your table above, which characteristic determines the difference in genes between plants, mammals, and bacteria?

STATION 2: NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE PUZZLE

Directions:

1.) Create a strand of DNA by attaching nitrogen bases (the letters on colored paper) to each side of the sugar phosphate backbone (on the white paper).

Note: Pay attention to the lines on each nitrogen base to determine the correct pairing of nitrogen bases! The lines should match up!!!!

2.) Call your teacher over when you are finished.

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STATION 3: BEAR TRAITS

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Which characteristics are different between the two bears?

Both Bears Are Identical

Coat Color

Eye Size

Nose Shape

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STATION 4: DNA REPLICATION PROCESS

During DNA replication in S phase, the two sides of the DNA helix are separated, then each side is used to provide instructions for making a new complementary** (matching) strand.**

The nucleotides in the new strand are added one at a time. Each new nucleotide is matched to a nucleotide in the old strand using the base-pairing rules.

DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules that are identical to the original DNA molecule. Thus, each of the new DNA molecules has the same genetic information as the original DNA molecule.

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Compare the original DNA strand to the strand that you created. What do you notice?

They have the same bases in a different order.

They have the same bases in the same order.

They have different bases in a different order.

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When does DNA replication occur?

During metaphase of the cell cycle.

During the S phase of Interphase

During cytokinesis forming daughter cells.

During G2 of interphase in the cell cycle.

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In the structure of DNA, the super mega most important base pair rule is that A always binds with .

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Since all living things have DNA, and all DNA is made of A, T, C, and G, what is responsible for the changes in traits and genes in the DNA?

Order of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Length of the DNA strand

Number of nucleotide bases

Sequence of nucleotide bases

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What is the complementary (matching) strand?
(What is the other side?)
A C C T T G

A C C T T G

T G G A A C

C G G T T A

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Label the structures of a nucleotide:

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Sugar

Nitrogen Base

Phosphate

	Plant	Mammal	Bacteria
Has backbone made of sugar and phosphate.
Has DNA bases made of A, T, C, and G.
Has the same order of bases.
Follows the base-pairing rule (see #8)

	Plant	Mammal	Bacteria
Has backbone made of sugar and phosphate.
Has DNA bases made of A, T, C, and G.
Has the same order of bases.
Follows the base-pairing rule (see #8)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
G		T
A		C

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
G		T
A		C

Wednesday (10/15) - Intro to DNA 2025

Wednesday (10/15) - Intro to DNA 2025

What kind of biomolecule is DNA?

Which of the following have DNA?

What does DNA do?

Which of the following have DNA?

STATION 1: COMPARING DNA

The drawings below show a very small section of the DNA double helix from three very different organisms: a plant, a mammal, and a bacterium.

Each strand of DNA shown contains five nucleotides. Each nucleotide has:

S = sugar molecule called deoxyribose P = phosphate group and one of the four bases: A = adenine, C = cytosine, G = guanine, or T = thymine

THE SUPER MOST IMPORTANT BASE PAIRING RULE!!!!

In the table below, select the statements that apply to each organism.

If DNA has the same structure in all living organisms, what determines different genes? Based on your table above, which characteristic determines the difference in genes between plants, mammals, and bacteria?

STATION 2: NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE PUZZLE

1.) Create a strand of DNA by attaching nitrogen bases (the letters on colored paper) to each side of the sugar phosphate backbone (on the white paper).

Note: Pay attention to the lines on each nitrogen base to determine the correct pairing of nitrogen bases! The lines should match up!!!!

2.) Call your teacher over when you are finished.

STATION 3: BEAR TRAITS

Which characteristics are different between the two bears?

STATION 4: DNA REPLICATION PROCESS

During DNA replication in S phase, the two sides of the DNA helix are separated, then each side is used to provide instructions for making a new complementary (matching) strand.

The nucleotides in the new strand are added one at a time. Each new nucleotide is matched to a nucleotide in the old strand using the base-pairing rules.

DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules that are identical to the original DNA molecule. Thus, each of the new DNA molecules has the same genetic information as the original DNA molecule.

Compare the original DNA strand to the strand that you created. What do you notice?

When does DNA replication occur?

Since all living things have DNA, and all DNA is made of A, T, C, and G, what is responsible for the changes in traits and genes in the DNA?

What is the complementary (matching) strand?(What is the other side?)A C C T T G

A C C T T G

What kind of biomolecule is DNA?

Which of the following have DNA?

What does DNA do?

Which of the following have DNA?

STATION 1: COMPARING DNA

The drawings below show a very small section of the DNA double helix from three very different organisms: a plant, a mammal, and a bacterium.

Each strand of DNA shown contains five nucleotides. Each nucleotide has:

S = sugar molecule called deoxyribose P = phosphate group and one of the four bases: A = adenine, C = cytosine, G = guanine, or T = thymine

THE SUPER MOST IMPORTANT BASE PAIRING RULE!!!!

In the table below, select the statements that apply to each organism.

If DNA has the same structure in all living organisms, what determines different genes? Based on your table above, which characteristic determines the difference in genes between plants, mammals, and bacteria?

STATION 2: NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE PUZZLE

1.) Create a strand of DNA by attaching nitrogen bases (the letters on colored paper) to each side of the sugar phosphate backbone (on the white paper).

Note: Pay attention to the lines on each nitrogen base to determine the correct pairing of nitrogen bases! The lines should match up!!!!

2.) Call your teacher over when you are finished.

Based on your model, what do you notice about how the nitrogen bases pair together?

What things were you able to manipulate (change) as you built the DNA strand?

How many sugar phosphate backbones are present in your strand of DNA?

Based on your model, what always goes on the inside of DNA strand?

Based on your model, what makes up the outside of DNA strand?

STATION 3: BEAR TRAITS

Which characteristics are different between the two bears?

What determines the differences in these traits?

Below is a diagram of two twin girls born from the same mother and the same father. In your own words why are these twins different? Think about the letters in the bears. (Write in full sentences.)STEM: The twins are different because........

STATION 4: DNA REPLICATION PROCESS

During DNA replication in S phase, the two sides of the DNA helix are separated, then each side is used to provide instructions for making a new complementary (matching) strand.

The nucleotides in the new strand are added one at a time. Each new nucleotide is matched to a nucleotide in the old strand using the base-pairing rules.

DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules that are identical to the original DNA molecule. Thus, each of the new DNA molecules has the same genetic information as the original DNA molecule.

Compare the original DNA strand to the strand that you created. What do you notice?

Compare the two DNA strands you created to each other. What do you notice?

At the end of DNA replication, we produce...

When does DNA replication occur?

Since all living things have DNA, and all DNA is made of A, T, C, and G, what is responsible for the changes in traits and genes in the DNA?

What is the complementary (matching) strand?(What is the other side?)A C C T T G

A C C T T G

Based on your model, what do you notice about how the nitrogen bases pair together?

What things were you able to manipulate (change) as you built the DNA strand?

How many sugar phosphate backbones are present in your strand of DNA?

Based on your model, what always goes on the inside of DNA strand?

Based on your model, what makes up the outside of DNA strand?

What determines the differences in these traits?

Below is a diagram of two twin girls born from the same mother and the same father. In your own words why are these twins different? Think about the letters in the bears. (Write in full sentences.)STEM: The twins are different because........

Compare the two DNA strands you created to each other. What do you notice?

At the end of DNA replication, we produce...

During DNA replication in S phase, the two sides of the DNA helix are separated, then each side is used to provide instructions for making a new complementary** (matching) strand.**

What is the complementary (matching) strand?
(What is the other side?)
A C C T T G

Below is a diagram of two twin girls born from the same mother and the same father. In your own words why are these twins different?
Think about the letters in the bears. (Write in full sentences.)
STEM: The twins are different because........

During DNA replication in S phase, the two sides of the DNA helix are separated, then each side is used to provide instructions for making a new complementary** (matching) strand.**

What is the complementary (matching) strand?
(What is the other side?)
A C C T T G

Below is a diagram of two twin girls born from the same mother and the same father. In your own words why are these twins different?
Think about the letters in the bears. (Write in full sentences.)
STEM: The twins are different because........