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Laabri

Whale Evolution Virtual Lab

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Last updated about 5 hours ago
20 Nsɛmmisa
Background Information and Introduction
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology
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Fossil Analysis
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DNA Analysis (Closest Living Relative)
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Conclusion Questions
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Whales are found everywhere in the world’s oceans and seas, from the tropical waters of the Equator to the frigid waters of the North and South poles. One of the most debated topics is whether or not whales are considered fish or mammals. In order to settle this question, you will perform an investigation to gather evidence about where whales evolved from and who their closest living land relative is. You will examine three key evidences of evolution:

Comparative Anatomy & Physiology (Homologous Structures & Movement)

Fossil Analysis (Transitional Forms & Vestigial Structures)

DNA Analysis (Closest Living Relative)

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1.

What are you researching in this virtual lab?

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3.

Is a whale more related to a shark or to a dog? Use the slideshow presentation above to determine which characteristics are more similar to the shark versus the dog.

Shark

Dog

Movement

Oxygen

Birth

Forelimbs

Hair

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4.

Is a whale more related to a shark or to a dog? Explain your answer using evidence from the slideshow presentation.

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5.

Organize the fossils based on how you think whales evolved to go from land to the sea.

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6.

Looking at the most recent ancestor, what body structures do they have in common with the modern-day whale?

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7.

Looking at the most oldest ancestor, what body structures are different from the modern-day whale?

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8.

How do you think the environment changed over time to result in these different body structures?

Abrupt changes to the environment (such as a volcanic eruption) can drive many species to extinction at once. When this happens, we see periods of no change followed by drastic changes from layer to layer in the fossil record. This is known as punctuated equilibrium. Other types of evolution are driven by gradual changes that build up over millions of years. We can track these changes in the fossil record through what we call transition fossils. This allows us to study exactly how organisms evolved over time. This process is known as gradualism.

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9.

Based on the diagram above, which model best describes the pattern of evolution observed in whales? How do you know?

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10.

Beta Casein is a protein component in milk. Since all mammals produce milk for their young, scientists can use the gene for Beta Casein to compare similarities in its amino acid sequence across multiple species.

Of the species above, which do you think is the most related to the Humpback Whale? Explain your reasoning.

Compare the Humpback Whale Amino Acid sequence for Beta Casein with the other organisms at your table by counting the number of amino acid similarities in this section of DNA.

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17.

Compare the Humpback Whale Amino Acid sequence for Beta Casein with the other organisms at your table by counting the number of amino acid similarities in this section of DNA.

Of the species in the table, which is the most distant living relative to the Humpback Whale? How do you know?

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18.

Compare the Humpback Whale Amino Acid sequence for Beta Casein with the other organisms at your table by counting the number of amino acid similarities in this section of DNA.

Of the species in the table, which is the closest living relative to the Humpback Whale? How do you know?

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19.

Did whales evolve from land mammals or sea animals? Answer in complete sentences using at least TWO pieces of evidence from section 2, section 3, or section 4.

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20.

What is the closest living relative to a whale? What features do they have in common? Answer in complete sentences using at least TWO pieces of evidence from section 2, section 3, or section 4.

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2.

Do you think whales are more similar to mammals or to fish? Explain your reasoning.

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11.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the pig?

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12.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the shark?

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13.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the hippo?

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14.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the seal?

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15.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the camel?

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16.

How many amino acids are there in common between the humpback whale and the manatee?