TEST - MEIOSIS

QUESTION FROM UNIT 4 (technically) - somatic vs gamete

A woman develops a mutation in her skin cells that results in Vitiligo, a condition that causes her skin to lose pigment.

If she has a child, will her child be born with the condition? Explain why or why not.

1 pt - NO

1 pt - the mutation is somatic, so it does not get passed on to offspring

**definition of gamete vs somatic cell - perhaps lower level since not aligned with K/S

TEST - CELL DIF

Keep for meiosis (cell differentiation)

• 📷Interpret varied diagrams illustrating cell specialization

• 📷Give examples of specialized cells in organism

TEST - CELL DIF

Meiosis questions

6B - Identify factors that can influence differentiation and specialization

QUIZ

6B - Cells perform different functions

Gene express is a regulated process

TEST

8A- Determine number of chromosomes phases of meiosis

QUIZ

Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?

8A- Create and use models of meiosis to associate crossing over with genetic variation and analyze its significance

QUIZ

Which of the following statements describes why siblings born from the same parents can look similar but are not identical?

7B - Crossing over increases genetic variation between gametes, increasing variation between siblings

QUIZ

Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from that organism. In every gamete, this combination is -

Crossing over increases genetic variation between gametes

MAKE INLINE FOR TEST

Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

Increase variation due to crossing over

TEST

STAAR 2022 #18

A cellular process is shown.

Which of these is the most likely result of the process shown in the diagram?

Explain significance of crossing over

QUIZ

STAAR 2023 #26

A cell undergoing a biological process is shown.

Which process occurs between Step 2 and Step 3 and creates more genetic diversity in the resulting cells?

Identify crossing over

QUIZ

2021 – Q48

A cellular process is shown.

Which statement best describes the significance of this process?

**crossing over identification and significance

TEST

2019 – Q41

Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from that organism. In every gamete, this combination is —

**explain significance of independent assortment

independent assortment is a process of meiosis during

Quiz

2024 – Q42

As unspecialized cells mature, what controls their development into specific cell types?

**all cells contain the same set of chromosomes but...

SAME AS #2 FOR TEST

2023 – Q4

The diagram shows a process that occurs during the development of an organism.

Which statement explains how the different cell types in the image are formed?

**interpret diagrams/models

TEST

2022 – Q10

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell.

Which factor will most likely determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

**differentiated cells originate from stem cells and all cells contain the same set of chromosomes

QUIZ

2021 – Q23

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

**external and internal factors cause cells to differentiate

TEST

2019 – Q49

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop.

Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

*external and internal factors cause cells to differentiate

TEST

From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell division, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

*all cells contain the same set of chromosomes

QUIZ

**all cells contain the same set of chromosomes but..

CER FOR QUIZ

Edit/Rephrase?

Below are two cell types. One is a neuron (nerve cell) and the other is a hepatocyte (liver cell).

Which of the following statements is correct? Explain your answer using complete sentences.

Statement 1: Each of these cells carries different genes.

Statement 2: Each of these cells carries the same genes.

**All cells contain the same set of chromosomes but...

*give examples of specialized cells

TEST

The individual with this karyotype...

QUIZ

What process produces genetic diversity throughout meiosis?

Use with academic as well

**crossing over increases genetic diversity, independent assortment increases genetic diversity

AAC TEST

Identify the chromosomal mutation in the diagram below:

As is for AAC Test

Academic - make multiple choice for test

(delete 1st option)

Can modify for academic - leave as select 2 for AAC

The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell.

Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization?

Select TWO answers.

CER for TEST

**** come back to once we determine how many CERs are where***

Blurb: muscle cells --- vs nerve cells ...

These muscle cells and nerve cells originate from the same stem cell.

Both cells have the same set of DNA.

1) Identify the process

2) Explain why funct. is dif

What is similar between the muscle and nerve cell in terms of the amount of genetic information? What is different?

- both have same set of chromosomes

-genes expressed are different

In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

What is similar/different?

All cells contain the same set of chromosomes BUT not all genes are activated/expressed at the same time

AAC only - TEST

How does crossing-over contribute to evolution?

*suggested edit:

During meiosis several important processes occur, including chromosome reduction, independent assortment and crossing over. Explain how each of these processes contribute to genetic variation in offspring.

OR

Explain the significance of the processes of chromosome reduction, independent assortment and crossing over to the genetic diversity of a population. (Possible CEJ)

Crossing over increases genetic variation between gametes, increasing variation between siblings from the same set of parents

QUIZ

Which of the following best describes the outcome of genetic recombination?

After first replication of gametes, homologous chromosomes line up and exchange genetic information (known as genetic recombination or crossing-over)

AAC only - quiz

Scientists conduct an experiment on fish embryos, exposing one group to low levels of a toxin and another group to normal, clean water. The embryos exposed to the toxin show abnormal cell differentiation, leading to defective organs.

What does this suggest about the influence of toxins on cell differentiation?

External factors include diet, temperature, light, chemicals, toxins and radiation

TEST

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity, and why is this significant for a species' survival?

**tweak answer choices to make them more even in length

In terms of genetic diversity, explain the significance of:

• 📷Independent assortment

• 📷Crossing over

Test

Why is chromosome reduction during meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

• 📷In terms of genetic diversity, explain the significance of:

• 📷Chromosome reduction

Test

Describe the process of meiosis and explain how it ensures that the resulting gametes have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

**possible AAC SCR for quiz, academic as MC

Meiosis creates cells that are different from one another

TEST

Which statement best explains why new diploid organisms do not look exactly like either parent?

Genetic recombination results in genes moving from one chromosome to another to create a unique combination of traits that was not present in the original organism (comparing parent cell chromosomes to daughter cell chromosomes)

TEST

What is the main reason for the variation in traits among siblings from the same parents?

Independent assortment ensures that each gamete is unique (increasing variation between siblings from the same set of parents)

QUIZ

Why must gametes be haploid instead of diploid?

Two haploid gametes combine to form a new diploid organism

complete answer choices

use "fuse" when instructing

QUIZ

What is the primary purpose of crossing-over during meiosis?

After first replication of gametes, homologous chromosomes line up and exchange genetic information (known as genetic recombination or crossing-over)

QUIZ

Meiosis creates cells that are different from one another

Distinguish mitosis from meiosis

The model below shows 2 types of processes.

Using the model select the correct response.

QUIZ

Which of the following best describes a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Distinguish mitosis from meiosis

QUIZ

For each row identify if the statement describes mitosis or meiosis:

PRACTICE / REVIEW

Sort the following as Mitosis or Meiosis

Use each item only once.

Hint: Each section should have one of each color

Exit ticket

TEST

Change to be select which stage (Stage 2) multiple choice please!!!

QUIZ/TEST REVIEW

change seg. to chromosome reduction

TEST

Observe, compare, and model meiosis I and meiosis II

Practice /CFU

Diploid vs haploid

TEST

distinguish meiosis from mitosis,

**change "young organism"

QUIZ/TEST Review

📷Internal factors include hormones, proteins, and other genetic factors

In humans, cell specialization involves various hormone signaling as all cells originate from the single zygote formed when an egg and sperm cell join. Similarily, plants emerge from one cell in the form of a seed. In plants, the hormone auxin is involved in the development of specialized cells including root fibers, stems, leaves, and flowers.

Based on the description given, which statement below is true?

TEST

A scientist is studying a group of developing muscle cells. She notices that when a specific internal protein that regulates gene expression is blocked, the cells do not develop into specialized muscle cells and remain as undifferentiated stem cells.

What does this observation suggest about the role of internal genetic factors in cell differentiation?

Internal factors include hormones, proteins, and other genetic factors

QUIZ

A developmental biologist is researching how cells in a frog embryo differentiate into various tissues. She discovers that certain cells only start developing into nerve cells when exposed to a specific hormone produced by the embryo.

What does this observation suggest about the role of hormones in cell differentiation?

Internal factors include hormones, proteins, and other genetic factors

QUIZ

Researchers are studying the effect of diet on cell differentiation in fruit flies. They discover that when larvae are given a diet enriched with certain nutrients, they develop into queens, whereas those on a standard diet become worker bees.

What can be inferred about the role of diet in cell differentiation?

External factors include diet, temperature, light, chemicals, toxins and radiation

Review

A group of plant seedlings is exposed to different amounts of light. The seedlings under sufficient light develop chloroplasts and begin photosynthesis, while those kept in darkness remain pale and fail to develop chloroplasts.

What does this observation suggest about the role of light in cell specialization?

External factors include diet, temperature, light, chemicals, toxins and radiation

TEST

In a laboratory, developing mouse embryos are exposed to mild levels of radiation. The cells in these embryos show altered gene expression, leading to changes in how they differentiate into tissues compared to those not exposed to radiation.

What does this suggest about the role of radiation in cell differentiation?

External factors include diet, temperature, light, chemicals, toxins and radiation

The picture above shows Bad Bunny and his brothers, who share the same parents.

If these siblings share the same parents, explain the following:

• 1) If these siblings have the same parents, why do they not look identical?

• 2) Identify the process responsible for this genetic diversity

Answer BOTH questions in the space provided.

QUIZ

This karyotype shows...