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Laabri

Unit 4 Test Review: Everything (Laveran)

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32 Nsɛmmisa
Protein Synthesis
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BIO.7.B
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Mutations
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B.C.6E
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B.C.6G
Gene Expression
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1.

Label diagram of Protein Synthesis below.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:
Translation
RNA
DNA
Replication
Protein
Transcription
Nucleus
Ribosome
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2.

Label the diagram of protein synthesis below.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:
Protein
Transcription
Translation
All of Protein Synthesis
DNA Replication
DNA
mRNA
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3.

In the diagram above, the BLUE molecule represents . This process is . The purpose of this process is while the pink chain structure represents a and it takes place .

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5.

What protein/amino acid sequence would you get from the mRNA sequence:

A U G G C U A C C U A G

*Remember to break it into codons and look up each codon on the chart above!

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6.

What is the amino acid sequence produced by the DNA strand below?

TAC GTA CCA GGT TAA

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7.

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis.

Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

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8.

Which statement describes the relationship between transcription and translation?

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9.

A model of a biological process is shown below.

The process shown in the image above is

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10.

A mutation is a permanent change in the of the cell cycle during mutation because mutation because mutation because mutation because

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16.

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation:

Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

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17.

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.

Which mutations would cause a frameshift? Select TWO mutations.

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18.

Exposure to the building material "asbestos" has been linked to certain types of cancers. Asbestos causes mutations in the p53 gene, which controls tumor suppression.

Which statement best explains why people with cancer due to asbestos exposure do NOT pass the mutation on to their offspring?

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19.

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

E. coli has three gene that each code for different enzymes that break down lactose. Scientists conducted investigations about the production of these enzymes using samples of E. coli. Their results are shown in the table.

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20.

Based on the table, Environment 1 concentration of enzymes.

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21.

Based on the table, Environment 2 concentration of enzymes.

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B.C.6D

pGLO is a gene found in jellyfish that codes for green fluorescent protein (GFP). When GFP is produced, jellyfish will glow under UV light.

Scientists observed a colony of E. coli (bacteria) under UV light and noticed they do not glow. However, once the pGLO gene was introduced to the bacteria, they started to glow.

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24.

According to the information, the bacteria normally .

This means that the bacteria only glow when

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes are expressed in immune cells when the cells are exposed to specific pathogens, allowing the body to recognize infected cells. Approximately 24 hours after exposure to the pathogen, MHC gene expression is at its peak.

The table below shows the levels of MHC genes expressed each hour after exposure.

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26.

Between hours 0-12, there is of MHC genes expressed.

Lastly, after 120 hours, there is .

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27.

Two students are debating with each other about the results of the table.

Student 1 says: The expression of MHC genes increases after exposure to the pathogen.

Student 2 says: Expression of MHC genes is consistent (does not change).

Based on what you know, .

Environmental factors, such as temperature, diet, or light, can cause cells to activate different genes at different times.

For example, flamingos have pink feathers whenever they eat shrimp because they produce proteins called carotenoids. However, they turn pale white if they do not eat enough shrimp.

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28.

When flamingos eat shrimp, they the gene for pink color, and their feathers are pale white.

In this scenario, the factor that influences gene expression is

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30.

Both male and female lions have genes in their DNA for producing manes (long hair around the neck). However, only the male lions are able to grow out their mane to attract a mate.

What is responsible for the difference observed in male and female lions?

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31.

Hair loss is caused whenever people do not produce enough keratin. However, an ointment called "Rogaine" can help with hair growth.

How does Rogaine help people grow their hair back?

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32.

In sports, women often get more injuries to the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) than men. This happens because, during the pre-ovulation stage of their menstrual cycle, their hormones are at a high level. Scientists found that many women who ski for fun have serious ACL problems during their menstrual cycle. There are also genetic factors that can lead to ACL injuries. One important gene related to this is called COL1A1. This gene helps make a part of type I collagen, which is a protein that supports and strengthens different tissues in our bodies.

The hormones produced during the pre-ovulation stage of the menstrual cycle were a(n) which causes the female body to produce

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23.

Which conclusion about the production of enzymes can be determined by analyzing the scientists' results?