{{asɛmtiNe Ɔkyerɛwfo}} | Nhomakorabea | Nneɛma a ɛma wotumi yɛ ade

Ɛhia

1

Cells move through a critical G1 checkpoint before entering the S phase of the cell cycle. If the cell’s DNA is damaged or not ready for replication, the checkpoint can delay progression or trigger apoptosis to prevent faulty DNA from being copied.

How does repairing DNA before mitosis protect future daughter cells?

It ensures that daughter cells receive the same number of ribosomes, allowing each new cell to properly produce proteins.

It ensures that the daughter cells are healthy by preventing the passing of harmful mutations, which could interfere with normal cell functions.

It increases the rate of cell division, allowing faster tissue growth, which can be beneficial during processes such as wound healing.

It allows the cell to skip cytokinesis and conserve energy, which may reduce the overall workload on the cell

Ɛhia

1

Scientists measured the total number of DNA molecules in samples of animal cells. Equal numbers of cells were examined during three different stages of the cell cycle. Stage II contains cells that were observed during the G₂ phase of the cycle.
Which statement best describes the cells during Stage II?

Mitosis and cytokinesis were completed, even though DNA replication did not occur.

The cells finished both mitosis and cytokinesis but have not replicated their DNA.

The cells have duplicated their DNA but have not yet gone through mitosis or cytokinesis.

The cells have paused the cell cycle and entered a resting state without duplicating their DNA.

Ɛhia

1

A 38-year-old lab technician with over 10 years of radiation exposure has routinely worked with radioactive materials and unshielded X-rays without full protection. She also frequently uses tanning beds, exposing herself to UV light. She has now developed persistent, abnormal skin lesions and is undergoing a biopsy for possible cancer.
Which of the following BEST explains the biological mechanism by which her exposures may lead to cancer?

Radiation and UV light cause increased apoptosis, leading to cell death and tissue regeneration.

These agents increase protein synthesis, causing cells to divide in a controlled manner.

UV light, X-rays, and radioactive substances cause DNA mutations that disrupt normal cell cycle control.

UV and X-ray radiation increase telomere length, preventing cellular aging.

Ɛhia

1

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

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Ɛhia

1

Throughout the cell cycle, checkpoints at G1, S and G2 ensure that a cell only proceeds to the next phase if conditions are correct. If a disruption occurs at one of these checkpoints—such as when DNA damage is detected but not repaired—the cell will typically —

speed up mitosis to complete division quickly

divide uncontrollably and may develop into cancer

stop the cycle or undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis)

immediately enter cytokinesis without replication

Ɛhia

1

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The 2 backbones (sides) of DNA made up of .

Ɛhia

1

In normal cells, cyclins are proteins that help control when a cell divides. Once the cell finishes dividing, the cyclins are broken down so the cell doesn’t keep dividing again too soon.
What would most likely happen if cyclins were not broken down and remained constantly active in a cell?

The cell would stop dividing and remain in interphase

The cell would divide repeatedly and end up forming tumors

The cell would revert back to a stem cell state

The cell would lose the ability to replicate DNA

Ɛhia

1

Which information should be added to the table?

Interphase

DNA Replication

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Nucleus divides

Ɛhia

1

After the cell cycle, the two resulting cells are.......

identical to the starting cell and different from each other.

identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.

different from the starting cell and different from each other.

different from the starting cell and identical to each other.

Ɛhia

1

Contact inhibition (no more growth after contact) is a normal process that helps healthy cells control their growth. Cells will divide only when there is space. When they touch other cells and fill the area, they stop growing. We call this anchorage dependance (cells must stick to something in order to multiply). This helps the cells form just one organized layer, called a monolayer.
What is most likely to happen if a cell loses anchorage dependence?

The cell will stop dividing and remain in the G₀ phase

The cell will only divide when surrounded by other cells

The cell may begin to divide and move freely, leading to tumor growth

The cell will immediately undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Ɛhia

1

What process is being shown in the figure below?

DNA replication resulting in four DNA molecules, one new strand and one old strand.

DNA replication resulting in two DNA molecules, one new strand and one old strand.

DNA replication resulting in four DNA molecules, all completely new.

DNA replication resulting in two DNA molecules, both completely new.

Ɛhia

1

The boxed structure labeled X is a(n)_________________________.

nitrogen base pair

nucleotide

nitrogen base

amino acid

Ɛhia

1

Cancer cells have several unique biological behaviors that distinguish them from normal cells. Which of the following characteristics is found only in cancer cells?

The ability to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)

The dependence on external growth signals to divide

The unregulated growth of the cell due to skipping checkpoint controls

The limited number of cell divisions due to telomere shortening

Ɛhia

1

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

G1 Phase

M Phase

S Phase

G2 Phase

Ɛhia

1

Cats have 38 chromosomes in their body (somatic) cells. During the cell cycle, these chromosomes must be copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of DNA.
In which part of the cell cycle are these chromosomes replicated?

Ɛhia

1

What is the end result of DNA Replication?

2 Identical DNA Molecules

4 Identical DNA Molecules

1 DNA Molecule

3 Different DNA Molecules

Ɛhia

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What sequence of nitrogenous bases would be complementary to the model below?

ATGCTTGC

CTGCAAGT

CGCTTAGC

GTCTGACG

Ɛhia

1

A 16-year-old biology student learns about a patient who started developing several tumors at a young age because they inherited a mutation in a gene called TP53.
Normally, this gene makes a protein called p53 that works like a “guardian” of the cell cycle by stoping cells with damaged DNA from dividing.
But in this patient, the TP53 gene is broken and can’t make a working p53 protein, so the damaged cells keep dividing and form tumors.
What is the main consequence of a nonfunctional (not working) p53 protein?

Cells divide more slowly to repair DNA

Damaged cells continue dividing, increasing cancer risk

Cells stop dividing and enter the G₀ phase permanently

Ribosomes produce extra proteins for cell growth

Ɛhia

1

What type of bond is between the nitrogen bases?

Hydrogen Bond

Covalent Bond

Peptide Bond

Ionic Bond

Ɛhia

1

What are the proper complementary base-pairs?

A--G and C--T

A--T and G--C

A--C and T--G

G--T and A--C

Ɛhia

1

Match the following vocabulary to their definitions

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Metaphase		When the chromosomes become packed/condensed. The nuclear membrane (nucleus) disappears.
Anaphase		The spindle fibers align the chromosomes in the middle.
Telophase		When the spindle fibers pull the 2 sets of chromosomes apart/away to opposite ends of the cell.
Cytokinesis		Two nuclear membranes (nuclei) begin to form inside of the cell.
Prophase		When the cell actually splits into two identical daughter cells.

Ɛhia

1

Which table best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle?

null

Ɛhia

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Apoptosis is the process of . Instead of causing harm, the cell quietly breaks down in a safe and controlled way. This protects the body from dangerous cells that could cause diseases like

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase

Copy of AAC - Unit 3 Test Review - 2025 (5/2/2026)

Copy of AAC - Unit 3 Test Review - 2025 (5/2/2026)

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

Throughout the cell cycle, checkpoints at G1, S and G2 ensure that a cell only proceeds to the next phase if conditions are correct. If a disruption occurs at one of these checkpoints—such as when DNA damage is detected but not repaired—the cell will typically —

In normal cells, cyclins are proteins that help control when a cell divides. Once the cell finishes dividing, the cyclins are broken down so the cell doesn’t keep dividing again too soon. What would most likely happen if cyclins were not broken down and remained constantly active in a cell?

Which information should be added to the table?

After the cell cycle, the two resulting cells are.......

What process is being shown in the figure below?

The boxed structure labeled X is a(n)_________________________.

Cancer cells have several unique biological behaviors that distinguish them from normal cells. Which of the following characteristics is found only in cancer cells?

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Cats have 38 chromosomes in their body (somatic) cells. During the cell cycle, these chromosomes must be copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of DNA. In which part of the cell cycle are these chromosomes replicated?

What is the end result of DNA Replication?

What sequence of nitrogenous bases would be complementary to the model below?

What type of bond is between the nitrogen bases?

What are the proper complementary base-pairs?

Match the following vocabulary to their definitions

Which table best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle?

Match the following vocabulary words to their pictures.

Using knowledge gained from Erwin Chargaff, answer the following: In a sample of DNA, the percentage of Adenine equals 31.5%. Therefore...

A mutation disrupts the structures responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division. As a result, spindle fibers fail to form correctly, and chromosomes cannot separate properly during mitosis.Which structure is directly affected?

The diagram shows the checkpoints that help make sure two identical daughter cells are formed during the cell cycle.At which checkpoint does the cell check that all duplicated chromosomes are lined up correctly so each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes?

Which statement best describes how the leading strand is made during DNA replication?

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied, and how is the lagging strand synthesized?

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

Throughout the cell cycle, checkpoints at G1, S and G2 ensure that a cell only proceeds to the next phase if conditions are correct. If a disruption occurs at one of these checkpoints—such as when DNA damage is detected but not repaired—the cell will typically —

In normal cells, cyclins are proteins that help control when a cell divides. Once the cell finishes dividing, the cyclins are broken down so the cell doesn’t keep dividing again too soon. What would most likely happen if cyclins were not broken down and remained constantly active in a cell?

Which information should be added to the table?

After the cell cycle, the two resulting cells are.......

What process is being shown in the figure below?

The boxed structure labeled X is a(n)_________________________.

Cancer cells have several unique biological behaviors that distinguish them from normal cells. Which of the following characteristics is found only in cancer cells?

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Cats have 38 chromosomes in their body (somatic) cells. During the cell cycle, these chromosomes must be copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of DNA. In which part of the cell cycle are these chromosomes replicated?

What is the end result of DNA Replication?

What sequence of nitrogenous bases would be complementary to the model below?

What type of bond is between the nitrogen bases?

What are the proper complementary base-pairs?

Match the following vocabulary to their definitions

Which table best compares the events that occur during different stages of the cell cycle?

Match the following vocabulary words to their pictures.

Using knowledge gained from Erwin Chargaff, answer the following: In a sample of DNA, the percentage of Adenine equals 31.5%. Therefore...

A mutation disrupts the structures responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division. As a result, spindle fibers fail to form correctly, and chromosomes cannot separate properly during mitosis.Which structure is directly affected?

The diagram shows the checkpoints that help make sure two identical daughter cells are formed during the cell cycle.At which checkpoint does the cell check that all duplicated chromosomes are lined up correctly so each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes?

Which statement best describes how the leading strand is made during DNA replication?

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied, and how is the lagging strand synthesized?

In normal cells, cyclins are proteins that help control when a cell divides. Once the cell finishes dividing, the cyclins are broken down so the cell doesn’t keep dividing again too soon.
What would most likely happen if cyclins were not broken down and remained constantly active in a cell?

Cats have 38 chromosomes in their body (somatic) cells. During the cell cycle, these chromosomes must be copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of DNA.
In which part of the cell cycle are these chromosomes replicated?

Using knowledge gained from Erwin Chargaff, answer the following:
In a sample of DNA, the percentage of Adenine equals 31.5%. Therefore...

A mutation disrupts the structures responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division. As a result, spindle fibers fail to form correctly, and chromosomes cannot separate properly during mitosis.
Which structure is directly affected?

The diagram shows the checkpoints that help make sure two identical daughter cells are formed during the cell cycle.
At which checkpoint does the cell check that all duplicated chromosomes are lined up correctly so each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes?

In normal cells, cyclins are proteins that help control when a cell divides. Once the cell finishes dividing, the cyclins are broken down so the cell doesn’t keep dividing again too soon.
What would most likely happen if cyclins were not broken down and remained constantly active in a cell?

Cats have 38 chromosomes in their body (somatic) cells. During the cell cycle, these chromosomes must be copied to ensure each new cell receives a complete set of DNA.
In which part of the cell cycle are these chromosomes replicated?

Using knowledge gained from Erwin Chargaff, answer the following:
In a sample of DNA, the percentage of Adenine equals 31.5%. Therefore...

A mutation disrupts the structures responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division. As a result, spindle fibers fail to form correctly, and chromosomes cannot separate properly during mitosis.
Which structure is directly affected?

The diagram shows the checkpoints that help make sure two identical daughter cells are formed during the cell cycle.
At which checkpoint does the cell check that all duplicated chromosomes are lined up correctly so each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes?