Match the term to the correct definition:

Male guppies found in areas without predators are more colorful than the ones found in locations with large predator populations. A population of adult guppies originating from an area with a large number of predators is transferred to a nearby area with few predators.

Which of these is most likely to happen over a few generations?

Farmers spray pesticides (poison) on their plants to protect the plants from being eaten by insects.

Some individual insects have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the poison in the pesticides. This means that the resistant insects survive while the others die.

Which statement best describes how only a few resistant individuals resulted in the pesticide becoming ineffective (stopped it from working).

The bar graph shows the average neck length in a population of giraffes. The data were collected in 1980 and 1983, after a wildfire occurred in 1982 in the area.

Which factor BEST describes the change in this population of giraffes?

The figure shows fossilized and living stalk-eyed flies from the family Diopsidae. In fossils, the eye spans of the flies are much smaller than those of living flies.

Which question would BEST help determine whether the change in eye span in stalk-eyed flies influenced by natural selection?

The table shows the survival rate of two types of rabbits in the same environment over a period of four years.

Which statement about the rabbits in this environment is best supported by the data?

The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood.

One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to __________________________.

Green anoles are lizards that can change their skin color rapidly in response to various stimuli. This adaptation is the result of --

Nudibranchs are marine worms that do not have shells. Many of these worms release a foul-tasting poison when threatened. The bright coloration of the nudibranchs warns predators to avoid them.

Based on this information, how has adaptation through natural selection allowed nudibranchs to be successful without a shell?

During the Industrial Revolution in England, burning coal increased the soot level in the air, and the soot darkened the tree bark. As a result, the population of dark-colored peppered moths significantly increased.

Which statement describes the MOST LIKELY reason why the population of dark-colored peppered moths increased?

Staphylococcus aureus is a species of bacteria that is highly resistant to antibiotic drugs. While these bacteria typically replicate asexually through a process known as binary fission, they can also acquire new genes by incorporating plasmids (circular segments of DNA) from other bacteria in their environment. Certain bacteria contain plasmids that carry genes that provide resistance to antibiotics.

How does the ability to exchange DNA with other bacteria help Staphylococcus aureus survive in changing environments?

As part of a wildlife conservation program, researches take a small population of wolves and relocate them to an island. After several generations, researchers analyze the genomes of the wolves in the population and determine that there is little genetic variation in the population.

Which evolutionary mechanism BEST explains the low level of genetic variation of these wolves?

Evolution is a gradual change in species over many generations. There are several mechanisms which contribute to these observed changes.

Which mechanisms increase genetic diversity in populations? Select THREE correct answers.

Common baboons live on the same savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop.

Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

In a species of stickleback, a freshwater lake population was cut off from the ocean population. This prevented the groups from interbreeding, and the freshwater population gradually changed over time.

The freshwater stickleback and the pacific stickleback can no longer reproduce with each other.

This best represents an example of-

The green warbler lives in Asia along the Tibetan plateau. Most populations interbreed with each other, except for a smaller group in the same area. This smaller group is now known was the greenish warbler. They have a different bird call and different mating behavior than green warblers.

Which of the following best explains why the green warbler and greenish warbler do not interbreed with each other?