Explain the main roles and components of the cell membrane including phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins using the fluid mosaic model. (IN.9-10.4.1)
Compare and contrast passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis and explain how they allow for the movement of molecules and ions across membranes. (IN.9-10.4.2)
Investigate factors that influence the diffusion rate, such as distance, temperature, concentration gradient, characteristics of the substance diffusing, and surface area to volume ratio. (IN.9-10.2.1)
Analyze examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and explain how osmosis contributes to functions like turgor pressure, transportation of water and minerals, and homeostasis. (IN.9-10.4.2)
Design and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of environmental factors like the solute concentration on living organisms using concepts like hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic, diffusion, and osmosis. (IN.9-10.1.1, IN.9-10.1.2, IN.9-10.1.4)