When a tire goes flat, its shape changes. The tire might be flat because of a slow leak in the tire valve. It could be flat because it ran over a nail or screw and ended up with a small hole where the air can leak out over a period of time. Or it could go flat when it hits a large rock or other object while traveling at high speeds (this one is for those readers who enjoy detective movies or TV shows). What if a crystalline solid like LiBr were ever made into a tire (now there’s a weird idea)? When it encountered a blow, the crystal would break into small pieces. Since rubber is an amorphous solid, it has a very different set of physical properties.
Amorphous Solids
Unlike a crystalline solid, an amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure. Some examples of amorphous solids include rubber, plastic, and gels. Glass is a very important amorphous solid that is made by cooling a mixture of materials in such a way that it does not crystallize. Glass is sometimes referred to as a supercooled liquid rather than a solid. If you have ever watched a glassblower in action, you have noticed that he takes advantage of the fact that amorphous solids do not have a distinct melting point like crystalline solids do. Instead, as glass is heated, it slowly softens and can be shaped into all sorts of interesting forms. When a glass object shatters, it does so in a very irregular way, unlike crystalline solids, which always break into fragments that have the same shape as dictated by its crystal system.
Properties of amorphous solids are different in many ways from those of crystalline solids. The intermolecular force forces in amorphous solids are weaker than those in crystalline solids. Amorphous solids do not have a regular external structure, do not have repeating 3-dimensional pattern of particles, and they do not have sharp melting points. Unlike crystalline solids that have regular planes of cleavage, the physical properties of amorphous solids are the same in all directions.
Plastics are used for many purposes because they are inexpensive to produce and do not shatters like glass or ceramic materials. Since they are easily disposed of, the accumulation of plastic garbage has become a serious problem in many parts of the world. Recycling programs that help reuse the plastics are growing in popularity.
Summary
An amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure.
Examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and plastics.
The physical properties of amorphous solids differ from those of crystalline solids.
Question 1
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Question 2
2.
Glass can be referred to as a _______ liquid instead of a solid.
Question 3
3.
Question 4
4.
Question 5
5.
Question 6
6.
Question 7
7.
Question 8
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Question 9
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Question 10
10.
A _______ solid is one that lacks an ordered internal structure.
Which of the following is not an amorphous solid (select all that apply)?
rubber
salt
plastic
glass
Amorphous solids have a regular arrangement of their constituent particles.
True
False
Which of the following statements is true for an amorphous solid (select all that apply)?
They melt gradually over a temperature range.
They posses a regular arrangement of their particles
They are anisotropic
They have sharp melting points
What happens when a great force is applied to a crystalline solid?
It breaks into fragments with the same basic shape
It shatters into irregular shapes
It liquefies
The unit cell compacts
Amorphous solids have sharp melting points.
True
False
The flow of amorphous solids is very fast.
True
False
Amorphous solids are cooled slowly so the molecules are organized into a solid definite pattern.
True
False
What happens when a great force is applied to glass (select all that apply)?