Copy of 10.07.20 - Body Movements and the Muscles (5/28/2026)

Last updated about 2 hours ago

19 questions

1

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Copy of 10.07.20 - Body Movements and the Muscles (5/28/2026)

Last updated about 2 hours ago

19 questions

Body Movements and The Muscles
Objectives:
distinguish between the body movements that can be made by skeletal muscles
identify various skeletal muscles throughout the body

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Part 2: The Muscles
There are over 400 skeletal muscles present in the human body.  While many names of the muscles are long and sound confusing, there is a "code" to muscle names that will come in very handy.

Before we look at diagrams, let's talk about this "code."

Look through (skim) the section from our textbook: Naming Skeletal Muscles.  Then answer question 5.

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

As you label the following diagrams, THINK about why the muscles might be named what they are!

1

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Part 3: Intro to Origins, Insertions, and Actions
Read the following excerpt from the textbook, then answer questions 14-15.

To pull on a bone, that is, to change the angle at its synovial joint, which essentially moves the skeleton, a skeletal muscle must also be attached to a fixed part of the skeleton. The moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled is called the muscle’s insertion, and the end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone is called the origin. During forearm flexion—bending the elbow—the brachioradialis assists the brachialis.

Although a number of muscles may be involved in an action, the principal muscle involved is called the prime mover, or agonist. To lift a cup, a muscle called the biceps brachii is actually the prime mover; however, because it can be assisted by the brachialis, the brachialis is called a synergist in this action (Figure 11.2). A synergist can also be a fixator that stabilizes the bone that is the attachment for the prime mover’s origin.

A muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called an antagonist. Antagonists play two important roles in muscle function: (1) they maintain body or limb position, such as holding the arm out or standing erect; and (2) they control rapid movement, as in shadow boxing without landing a punch or the ability to check the motion of a limb.  The antagonist of the biceps brachii is the triceps brachii, as it performs the opposite action (extension of the lower arm.)

For example, to extend the knee, a group of four muscles called the quadriceps femoris in the anterior compartment of the thigh are activated (and would be called the agonists of knee extension). However, to flex the knee joint, an opposite or antagonistic set of muscles called the hamstrings is activated.
As you can see, these terms would also be reversed for the opposing action. If you consider the first action as the knee bending, the hamstrings would be called the agonists and the quadriceps femoris would then be called the antagonists.

1

Compare and contrast the origin and insertion of a muscle.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is named after its origin and insertion.  It originates at the sternum (sterno-) and clavicle (-cleido-) and inserts at the mastoid process (-mastoid).  Examine the picture below of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Remembering that the origin of a muscle is the bone that remains stationary (it does not move!) and that the insertion is the bone that is pulled on when the muscle contracts (the bone that moves), answer questions 16-18.

1

Body Movements and The Muscles
Objectives:
distinguish between the body movements that can be made by skeletal muscles
identify various skeletal muscles throughout the body

Part 1: Body Movements
Watch the video below about the different terms given for various movements of the body. As you watch, match the term with the proper description below. (Note that two of the terms below are not in the video. Match all of the ones in the video, then think about what the other two might mean!)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Pronation		Decreasing the angle of a joint
Eversion		Increasing the angle of a joint
Rotation		Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint
Adduction		Increasing the angle of the ankle joint
Circumduction		Rotating the sole of the foot laterally
Dorsiflexion		Rotating the sole of the foot medially
Plantarflexion		Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Supination		Moving a limb towards the midline of the body
Inversion		Rotating the lower arm so the palm is facing down
Flexion		Rotating the lower arm so the palm is facing up
Abduction		Increasing the angle of a joint beyond its normal range of motion
Hyperextension		A combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction that results in a cone-like tracing of a limb or digit
Extension		Twisting, circular movement

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Abduction
Hyperextension
Extension
Rotation or Flexion

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Supination
Hyperextension
Inversion
Pronation
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Eversion
Circumduction
Flexion

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Flexion
Rotation
Adduction
Hyperextension

Part 2: The Muscles
There are over 400 skeletal muscles present in the human body.  While many names of the muscles are long and sound confusing, there is a "code" to muscle names that will come in very handy.

Before we look at diagrams, let's talk about this "code."

Look through (skim) the section from our textbook: Naming Skeletal Muscles.  Then answer question 5.

Consider the bolded part of the following muscles. What do you think the muscles are named after?

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Adductor digiti minimi		Shape
Trapezius		Size
Sternocleidomastoid		Location
Gluteus maximus		Where it attaches to skeleton
Frontalis		Number of origins
Biceps brachii		Action

As you label the following diagrams, THINK about why the muscles might be named what they are!

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Orbicularis oculi
Frontalis
Temporalis
Occipitalis
Trapezius
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid

A
B, J
C, K
E
G
D, H
F
I
L

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Upper Body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
sternocleidomastoid		A
pectoralis major		B
serratus anterior		C
biceps brachii		D
orbicularis oris		E
rectus abdominis		F
external oblique		G
orbicularis oculi		H
deltoid		I
frontalis		J

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Lower body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

(Note that there is one more muscle that makes up the muscle group, but it is not visible in this diagram)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
vastus medialis		A
sartorius		B
tibialis anterior		C
quadriceps femoris		D
rectus femoris		E
vastus lateralis		F
gracilis		G
tensor fascia latae		H

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Body (Posterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
semitendinosus		A
latissimus dorsi		B
biceps femoris		C
trapezius		D
hamstrings		E
triceps brachii		F
gluteus maximus		G
deltoid		H
semimembranosus		I
gastrocnemius		J

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Part 3: Intro to Origins, Insertions, and Actions
Read the following excerpt from the textbook, then answer questions 14-15.

To pull on a bone, that is, to change the angle at its synovial joint, which essentially moves the skeleton, a skeletal muscle must also be attached to a fixed part of the skeleton. The moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled is called the muscle’s insertion, and the end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone is called the origin. During forearm flexion—bending the elbow—the brachioradialis assists the brachialis.

Although a number of muscles may be involved in an action, the principal muscle involved is called the prime mover, or agonist. To lift a cup, a muscle called the biceps brachii is actually the prime mover; however, because it can be assisted by the brachialis, the brachialis is called a synergist in this action (Figure 11.2). A synergist can also be a fixator that stabilizes the bone that is the attachment for the prime mover’s origin.

A muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called an antagonist. Antagonists play two important roles in muscle function: (1) they maintain body or limb position, such as holding the arm out or standing erect; and (2) they control rapid movement, as in shadow boxing without landing a punch or the ability to check the motion of a limb.  The antagonist of the biceps brachii is the triceps brachii, as it performs the opposite action (extension of the lower arm.)

For example, to extend the knee, a group of four muscles called the quadriceps femoris in the anterior compartment of the thigh are activated (and would be called the agonists of knee extension). However, to flex the knee joint, an opposite or antagonistic set of muscles called the hamstrings is activated.
As you can see, these terms would also be reversed for the opposing action. If you consider the first action as the knee bending, the hamstrings would be called the agonists and the quadriceps femoris would then be called the antagonists.

The example of agonist and antagonist in the reading and picture above is about the flexion of the lower arm at the elbow.

Which of the following correctly identifies the agonist and antagonist for the extension of the lower arm at the elbow? (You may need to look back at your diagrams from earlier!)

Agonist: brachialis
Antagonist: brachioradialis

Agonist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii

Agonist: brachioradialis
Antagonist: brachialis

Agonist: triceps brachii
Antagonist: biceps brachii

Compare and contrast the origin and insertion of a muscle.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is named after its origin and insertion.  It originates at the sternum (sterno-) and clavicle (-cleido-) and inserts at the mastoid process (-mastoid).  Examine the picture below of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Remembering that the origin of a muscle is the bone that remains stationary (it does not move!) and that the insertion is the bone that is pulled on when the muscle contracts (the bone that moves), answer questions 16-18.

What happens when the right sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Flexion of the neck

Extension of the neck.

What happens when the left sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

Flexion of the neck

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Extension of the neck.

What happens when both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract?

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Flexion of the neck

Extension of the neck.

Questions 16-18 describe the ________ of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

origins

insertions

actions

sliding filament model

Part 1: Body Movements
Watch the video below about the different terms given for various movements of the body.  As you watch, match the term with the proper description below.  (Note that two of the terms below are not in the video.  Match all of the ones in the video, then think about what the other two might mean!)

Pronation

Decreasing the angle of a joint

Eversion

Increasing the angle of a joint

Rotation

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint

Adduction

Increasing the angle of the ankle joint

Circumduction

Rotating the sole of the foot laterally

Dorsiflexion

Rotating the sole of the foot medially

Plantarflexion

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Supination

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

Inversion

Rotating the lower arm so the palm is facing down

Flexion

Rotating the lower arm so the palm is facing up

Abduction

Increasing the angle of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

Hyperextension

A combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction that results in a cone-like tracing of a limb or digit

Extension

Twisting, circular movement

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Abduction

Hyperextension

Extension

Rotation or Flexion

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Supination

Hyperextension

Inversion

Pronation

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

Eversion

Circumduction

Flexion

Match the following pictures with their body movement. 

Flexion

Rotation

Adduction

Hyperextension

Consider the bolded part of the following muscles.  What do you think the muscles are named after?  

Adductor digiti minimi

Shape

Trapezius

Size

Sternocleidomastoid

Location

Gluteus maximus

Where it attaches to skeleton

Frontalis

Number of origins

Biceps brachii

Action

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Match the following muscles with the correct term.  You may reference the textbook for help.

Orbicularis oculi

Frontalis

Temporalis

Occipitalis

Trapezius

Buccinator

Orbicularis oris

Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid

A

B, J

C, K

E

G

D, H

F

I

L

Muscles of the Upper Body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term.  You may reference the textbook for help.

sternocleidomastoid

A

pectoralis major

B

serratus anterior

C

biceps brachii

D

orbicularis oris

E

rectus abdominis

F

external oblique

G

orbicularis oculi

H

deltoid

I

frontalis

J

Muscles of the Lower body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term.  You may reference the textbook for help.

(Note that there is one more muscle that makes up the muscle group, but it is not visible in this diagram)

vastus medialis

A

sartorius

B

tibialis anterior

C

quadriceps femoris

D

rectus femoris

E

vastus lateralis

F

gracilis

G

tensor fascia latae

H

Muscles of the Body (Posterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term.  You may reference the textbook for help.

semitendinosus

A

latissimus dorsi

B

biceps femoris

C

trapezius

D

hamstrings

E

triceps brachii

F

gluteus maximus

G

deltoid

H

semimembranosus

I

gastrocnemius

J

The example of agonist and antagonist in the reading and picture above is about the flexion of the lower arm at the elbow.

Which of the following correctly identifies the agonist and antagonist for the extension of the lower arm at the elbow? (You may need to look back at your diagrams from earlier!)

Agonist: brachialis
Antagonist: brachioradialis

Agonist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii

Agonist: brachioradialis
Antagonist: brachialis

Agonist: triceps brachii
Antagonist: biceps brachii

What happens when the right sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Flexion of the neck

Extension of the neck.

What happens when the left sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

Flexion of the neck

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Extension of the neck.

What happens when both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract?

Left rotation of the neck

Right rotation of the neck

Flexion of the neck

Extension of the neck.

Questions 16-18 describe the ________ of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

origins

insertions

actions

sliding filament model

Copy of 10.07.20 - Body Movements and the Muscles (5/28/2026)

Copy of 10.07.20 - Body Movements and the Muscles (5/28/2026)

Body Movements and The Muscles

Part 2: The Muscles

As you label the following diagrams, THINK about why the muscles might be named what they are!

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Part 3: Intro to Origins, Insertions, and Actions

Compare and contrast the origin and insertion of a muscle.

Body Movements and The Muscles

Part 1: Body Movements

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Match the following pictures with their body movement.

Part 2: The Muscles

Consider the bolded part of the following muscles. What do you think the muscles are named after?

As you label the following diagrams, THINK about why the muscles might be named what they are!

Muscles of the Head and NeckMatch the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Upper Body (Anterior view)Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Lower body (Anterior view)Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.(Note that there is one more muscle that makes up the muscle group, but it is not visible in this diagram)

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Body (Posterior view)Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.1. Write the name of the muscle2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Part 3: Intro to Origins, Insertions, and Actions

Compare and contrast the origin and insertion of a muscle.

What happens when the right sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

What happens when the left sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts?

What happens when both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract?

Questions 16-18 describe the ________ of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Part 1: Body Movements

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the head and neck diagrams.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Upper Body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the upper body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Lower body (Anterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

(Note that there is one more muscle that makes up the muscle group, but it is not visible in this diagram)

Pick ONE muscle from the lower body (anterior view).

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)

Muscles of the Body (Posterior view)

Match the following muscles with the correct term. You may reference the textbook for help.

Pick ONE muscle from the posterior view of the body.

1. Write the name of the muscle
2. What is this muscle named after? (refer back to #5 if you need!)