Changes occur around us constantly. A friend may choose to stop communicating with you, your favorite shoes might no longer fit, or your class schedule might differ from last year's. When we reflect on these changes, we often classify them as either positive or negative. However, sometimes it's difficult to determine which label is more appropriate.
Similarly, chemists categorize changes they observe into two main types: physical changes and chemical changes. Just as with personal changes, it can be challenging to decide which category is the most fitting. In this activity, we will examine data to learn how to identify a chemical change.
When comparing and contrasting common signs of a physical versus a chemical change, the following list of changes can be created:
Physical Change | Chemical Change |
|---|---|
Change in Texture | Formation of a solid |
Dissolving in a Liquid | Change in Temperature (Energy is absorbed or released) |
Change in Shape | Change in Color |
Change of State | Formation of a Gas |
New Odor | |
Emission of Light | |
Formation of New Substance | |
Burning (combustion) |
Table 1
Process | Before Change | After Change | Chemical Change? (Yes or No) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
a | Milk Curdling | White | White | |
b | Tree Leaves Aging | Green | Yellow, Red, and Orange | |
c | Charcoal Burning | Black | Gray | |
d | Salt Dissolving in Water | Colorless | Colorless | |
e | Chocolate Melting | Brown | Brown | |
f | Water Evaporating | Colorless | Colorless |
Table 2
Process | Before Change | After Change | Chemical Change? (Yes or No) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
a | Milk Curdling | Liquid | Solid and Liquid | |
b | Tree Leaves Aging | Solid | Solid | |
c | Charcoal Burning | Solid | Solid and Gas | |
d | Salt Dissolving in Water | Solid and Liquid | Liquid | |
e | Chocolate Melting | Solid | Liquid | |
f | Water Evaporating | Liquid | Gas |
Table 3
Process | Before Change | After Change | Chemical Change? (Yes or No) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
a | Milk Curdling | No Odor | Very Sour Odor | |
b | Tree Leaves Aging | No Odor | No Odor | |
c | Charcoal Burning | No Odor | Smoky odor | |
d | Salt Dissolving in Water | No Odor | No Odor | |
e | Chocolate Melting | Chocolate | Chocolate | |
f | Water Evaporating | No Odor | No Odor |
What is changed in the before and after column of each table above (this is not asking about a chemical or physical change)?
a.) Table 1
b.) Table 2
c.) Table 3
a.) Look at Table 1 and list each row that displays a color change:
b.) Look at Table 2 and list each row that displays a change of state:
c.) Look at Table 3 and list each row that displays a change of odor:
From the pattern revealed from Tables 1-3, select the best option for each statement at the left.
Chemical change has occurred. | Chemical or physical change may have occurred. | |
|---|---|---|
When there is a color change. (Table 1) | ||
When there is a change of state. (Table 2) | ||
When there is a change in odor. (Table 3) |
Examine the changes described in the table (Table 4) and determine which ones displays a chemical change.
Table 4
Process | Before Change | After Change | Is this a Chemical Change (Yes or No)? |
|---|---|---|---|
Water vapor condensing | Gas Colorless No odor | Liquid Colorless No odor | |
Propane burning | Liquid Colorless Rotten Egg Odor | Gas Colorless Odorless | |
Iron nail rusting | Smooth-Solid Silver-Gray Metallic Odor | Rough-Solid Red-Brown Odorless | |
Dry ice sublimating | Solid White No Odor | Gas White/Colorless No Odor | |
Copper pipe corroding | Solid Red-Brown Odorless | Solid-Flaky Blue-Green Odorless |
a.) Find all of the molecules in the key.
b.) Draw a box around each molecule.
Tip - click the "Rectangle, Polygon, Circle" button next to the "Scribble" button, then select, "Rectangle." Use that tool to box in your answers.
Chemists refer to the concept of a chemical reaction to characterize the chemical changes discussed and modeled in Tables 1-3. This term - chemical reaction - is also able to be applied to the changes outlined in Table 6, where various types of particles are present following the changes.
Based upon the above sentences, and what you have examined in the prior tables (1-6), when attempting to define, "chemical reaction," which data would be more powerful or useful to you?
Using your own words, and using everything you have done, examined, and read on this activity (do not use any other source) - define the term "chemical reaction."
Look around your home or just outside of your home. Provide a list of three things you have noticed undergoing a change. With each, identify whether this change would be a chemical or physical change. Then provide evidence for your observations (descriptions, etc.) that would support your answer.
Examine the objects in table 5 and determine if, after the change, there is now different types of objects or the same types of objects.
Table 5
Before Change | Description of Change | After Change | Different or Same Types? |
|---|---|---|---|
Joining pop-beads together | |||
Spacing out the pop-beads | |||
Swapping pop-bead heads | |||
Mixing up the pop-beads | |||
Pulling pop-bead head off body |
Use the key for identifying the parts used in Table 5 for this question.
Explain the differences between a cat and a dat.
Examine the descriptions of change in Table 5 (below). Which types of changes might occur to a Dat?
Table 5
Before Change | Description of Change | After Change |
|---|---|---|
Joining pop-beads together | ||
Spacing out the pop-beads | ||
Swapping pop-bead heads | ||
Mixing up the pop-beads | ||
Pulling pop-bead head off body |
Examine the descriptions of change in Table 5 (below). Which types of changes might occur to a Cog?
Table 5
Before Change | Description of Change | After Change |
|---|---|---|
Joining pop-beads together | ||
Spacing out the pop-beads | ||
Swapping pop-bead heads | ||
Mixing up the pop-beads | ||
Pulling pop-bead head off body |
Examine table 6 and the description of change; use the information within the table to determine if the particles before and after the change are the same or different.
Table 6
Before Change | Description of Change | After Change | Same or Different? |
|---|---|---|---|
Pulling particles apart and sticking them together. | |||
Spacing the particles out. | |||
Swapping particles | |||
Mixing particles togethers | |||
Pulling particles apart and sticking them together. |
What does this represent?
a.) Identify a carbon atom and a carbon dioxide molecule in the key.
b.) Describe the difference between them.
Examine the before and after change columns in table 8 and determine if each change is a chemical reaction or not.
Table 8
Substance | Before Change | After Change | Chemical Reaction? |
|---|---|---|---|
water | liquid, colorless, no odor | solid, colorless, no odor | |
carbon dioxide | |||
aluminum | Solid, smooth, shiny-silverish, no odor | Solid, flaky, white surface, no odor | |
oxygen gas and hydrogen gas | |||
oxygen gas and hydrogen gas |