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Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

B.C.6A

2

A diagram of the steps in the production of a protein is shown below.

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One key difference in this process is that Step A represents , while Step B represents .

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1

Identify the processes in the table below:

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Mutation

DNA Replication

Transcription

Translation

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1

Complete the model of protein synthesis below.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

null

BIO.7.B

2

A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown.

3' T C A T G C 5'

null

To complete this question, first the DNA sequence must be .

This sequence is then .

B.C.6C

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1

Identify the following mutations:

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Translocation

Substitution

Frameshift Insertion

Frameshift Deletion

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1

A strand of mRNA reads:
AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA
Which of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

B.C.6E

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1

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

Mutation 1 is a substitution mutation.

Mutation 2 is an example of an insertion.

Mutation 3 is a deletion mutation.

Mutation 4 is an example of translocation.

null

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2

Complete the mutated amino acid sequence and determine the type of mutation.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

ALA

Insertion

Silent Substitution

Translocation

MET

Deletion

VAL

ISO

STOP

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2

Complete the mutated amino acid sequence and determine the type of mutation.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

STOP

VAL

Deletion

Silent Substitution

ALA

ISO

Translocation

Insertion

MET

2

null This mutation is considered a(n) .

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2

A frameshift mutation occurs when... (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

One or more nucleotides/nitrogen bases are added to a DNA sequence.

One or more nucleotides/nitrogen bases are removed (deleted) from a DNA sequence.

One nucleotide/nitrogen base is replaced (switched) with a different nucleotide/nitrogen base.

The mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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1

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions.
Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

The expression of certain genes are regulated during transcription.

Changes in function are the result of random mutations during S phase.

Only liver cells contain the original DNA from embryonic stem cells.

The DNA inside of these cells came from two different parent cells.

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1

How does DNA relate to gene expression and cell differentiation?

DNA helps to protect genes from cellular damage.

DNA creates mutations in the daughter cells of mitosis.

DNA is used to provide quick energy to cells.

DNA contains genes which can be turned on or turned off.

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1

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

produce identical daughter cells through mitosis

fuse with another cell to increase the size of its genome

transcribe specific DNA segments to mRNA for translation

form haploid gamete cells through meiosis

BIO.6.B

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1

Snowshoe hares can be found living in the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico. During the summer months, when there is no snow on the ground, the snowshoe hare’s coat color is typically brown. During the winter months, when the mountains are covered in snow, the snowshoe hare’s coat is typically white. Which statement describes the genetic basis for the seasonal changes in coat color?

The snow causes mutations in the genes that regulate coat color so that snowshoe hares are adapted to their environment during the winter months.

The genes that control coat color are regulated by hormone signals that are altered by changes in environmental factors.

Sunlight causes cancer cells to develop in the bodies of snowshoe hares, resulting in an apparent brown-colored coat as a result of hair loss.

The genes that control coat color in snowshoe hares are deleted from the genome during the summer months.

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1

The Himalayan rabbit’s habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur.
A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur.
Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?

The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.

The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit’s body temperature decreased.

The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.

White hair only grows during certain times of the year.

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1

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

Transcription makes DNA. Translation uses the DNA to make proteins which expresses the gene.

Translation makes DNA. Transcription uses the DNA to make proteins which expresses the gene.

Transcription reads the DNA to make the RNA. Translation uses the RNA to make proteins which expresses the gene.

Translation reads the DNA to make RNA. Transcription uses the RNA to make proteins which expresses the gene.

Unit 4 Final Review 2025-2026

Unit 4 Final Review 2025-2026

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

3' T C A T G C 5'

A strand of mRNA reads:
AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA
Which of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A frameshift mutation occurs when... (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions.
Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

How does DNA relate to gene expression and cell differentiation?

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

3' T C A T G C 5'

A strand of mRNA reads:
AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA
Which of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A frameshift mutation occurs when... (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions.
Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

How does DNA relate to gene expression and cell differentiation?

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

Unit 4 Final Review 2025-2026

Unit 4 Final Review 2025-2026

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

3' T C A T G C 5'

A strand of mRNA reads: AUG CCC AUU CGA UGAWhich of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A frameshift mutation occurs when... (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions. Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

How does DNA relate to gene expression and cell differentiation?

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

3' T C A T G C 5'

A strand of mRNA reads: AUG CCC AUU CGA UGAWhich of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A frameshift mutation occurs when... (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions. Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

How does DNA relate to gene expression and cell differentiation?

Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

How does transcription and translation result in the expression of genes?

A strand of mRNA reads:
AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA
Which of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions.
Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?

A strand of mRNA reads:
AUG CCC AUU CGA UGA
Which of the following mutations would cause the greatest impact on the protein produced?

Observe the mutations in the diagram below.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

Liver cells and neurons are two cells found in the human body with highly specialized functions.
Which is the best explanation for why these cells perform different functions if their nucleus contains the same DNA?