Mendelian Genetics

Austrian monk Gregor Mendel (Father of Genetics) proposed the basic rules of genetic inheritance of traits passed from parents to offspring.

For the basic rules, each parent passes a single allele for a single trait to their offspring and the combination / genotype results in 1 of 2 options.

For example: A red flower and a yellow flower produce offspring that are either red or yellow.

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Non-Mendelian Genetics

The prefix "Non-" can mean not or other than. Gregor Mendel's basic rules were a great beginning to the understanding of genetic inheritance, HOWEVER Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns DO NOT follow the basic rule!

For example: A red flower and a yellow flower produce offspring that have BOTH traits visible at the same time or even a MIXTURE of the traits is shown!

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Follow Mendelian Genetics basic rules and select the options of the offspring produced when a red flower is crossed with a yellow flower:

red flower

pink flower

yellow flower

orange flower

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Codominance:

The prefix "co-" can be found before many words.

Cooperate: When two or more people work with each other
Coagulate: When red blood cells stick together
Coexist: Living within the same place or time
Co-captain: Lead a team together with help from each other

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Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".
Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

together

against

with

strong

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One example of Non-Mendelian genetics is codominance. Codominant traits are both seen/expressed together.

Co = .

An example of an organism that shows codominance is COWS! Take a look!

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In this example of codominance, the parents phenotypes are white fur (mom) and tan fur (dad). When these parents cross, the offspring produced .

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Complete the cross below to show the results of codominance:

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Red and yellow flowers cannot produce offspring because they are not the same species.

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Incomplete Dominance:

If we break the term "incomplete" into 2 parts, we have "in" / "complete". When something is complete, it is whole.

The prefix "in-" can have multiple meanings. Read the definitions below and answer the questions that follow.

Independent: Does not depend on another person or factor
Insane: A state of mind that is not normal in perception or behavior
Inexpensive: Not of great cost / cheap
Involuntary: Done without will or control

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Which term below best describes the prefix "in-"?

with

great

not

add

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One example of Non-Mendelian genetics is incomplete dominance. When traits are incompletely dominant, neither is fully expressed and a mixture of the trait is observed.

Incomplete =

In CHICKENS, some feather coloration shows incomplete dominance! Take a look!

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In this example of incomplete dominance, the parents phenotypes are black feathers (mom) and white feathers (dad). When these parents cross, the offspring produced .

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Complete the cross below to show the results of incomplete dominance:

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Red and yellow flowers cannot produce offspring because they are not the same species.

Not enough information is given to answer the question.

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Have you ever donated blood? Do you know your blood type? Not all blood is the same and knowing your blood type can be important in emergency situations.

In humans, there are multiple alleles for blood type. For Mendelian genetics, TWO alleles existed in our practice problems. Blood type is an example of multiple alleles in which there is a total of THREE alleles which produce more possible combinations.

Blood Alleles: A / B / O

Blood Phenotypes:

AO (only shows A)
BO (only shows B)
AB (has both A and B)
O (has neither A or B)

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Human blood types have .

There are a total of .

Donors are individuals who give blood in hospitals, blood banks, or blood drives. The recipients are individuals who receive the blood that was donated for medical procedures or in emergencies.

Observe the blood chart below and answer the questions that follow.

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An individual who has blood type A can donate blood to recipients with what blood types? Select all that apply.

O

A

B

AB

Donors are individuals who give blood in hospitals, blood banks, or blood drives. The recipients are individuals who receive the blood that was donated for medical procedures or in emergencies.

Observe the blood chart below and answer the questions that follow.

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Based on the diagram, select which TWO statement are TRUE about blood type O

O can donate to all other blood types.

O can only donate to type A and B.

O can receive blood from type A and B.

O can only receive blood from type O.

Certain traits are determined by genes that are on the sex chromosomes, either the X or Y chromosome. For instance, what this means is some traits may be observed more in males (XY) than females (XX).

Muscular dystrophy is a recessive sex-linked trait that affects the X chromosome. In the diagram below, the affected X chromosome is white and unaffected chromosome are blue.

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Individuals who are unaffected do not have muscular dystrophy.
Carriers of muscular dystrophy have one unaffected X chromosome (normal) and one affected X chromosome (muscular dystrophy). Because muscular dystrophy is recessive, carriers appear to be unaffected/normal.
Individuals who are affected have muscular dystrophy.

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Muscular dystrophy affect the .

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In the diagram, the father is .

The mother in the diagram is .

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Intro to Non-Mendelian Genetics

Intro to Non-Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian Genetics

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Follow Mendelian Genetics basic rules and select the options of the offspring produced when a red flower is crossed with a yellow flower:

Codominance:

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".
Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

Incomplete Dominance:

Which term below best describes the prefix "in-"?

An individual who has blood type A can donate blood to recipients with what blood types? Select all that apply.

Based on the diagram, select which TWO statement are TRUE about blood type O

Mendelian Genetics

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Follow Mendelian Genetics basic rules and select the options of the offspring produced when a red flower is crossed with a yellow flower:

Based on the information for Non-Mendelian genetics, select which flowers could result from crossing a red flower and yellow flower:

Codominance:

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".
Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

Incomplete Dominance:

Which term below best describes the prefix "in-"?

An individual who has blood type A can donate blood to recipients with what blood types? Select all that apply.

Based on the diagram, select which TWO statement are TRUE about blood type O

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the FEMALE offspring?

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the MALE offspring?

Based on the information for Non-Mendelian genetics, select which flowers could result from crossing a red flower and yellow flower:

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the FEMALE offspring?

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the MALE offspring?

Intro to Non-Mendelian Genetics

Intro to Non-Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian Genetics

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Follow Mendelian Genetics basic rules and select the options of the offspring produced when a red flower is crossed with a yellow flower:

Codominance:

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

Incomplete Dominance:

Which term below best describes the prefix "in-"?

An individual who has blood type A can donate blood to recipients with what blood types? Select all that apply.

Based on the diagram, select which TWO statement are TRUE about blood type O

Mendelian Genetics

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Follow Mendelian Genetics basic rules and select the options of the offspring produced when a red flower is crossed with a yellow flower:

Based on the information for Non-Mendelian genetics, select which flowers could result from crossing a red flower and yellow flower:

Codominance:

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

Incomplete Dominance:

Which term below best describes the prefix "in-"?

An individual who has blood type A can donate blood to recipients with what blood types? Select all that apply.

Based on the diagram, select which TWO statement are TRUE about blood type O

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the FEMALE offspring?

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the MALE offspring?

Based on the information for Non-Mendelian genetics, select which flowers could result from crossing a red flower and yellow flower:

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the FEMALE offspring?

Based on the diagram, which best describes the predicted outcome of the MALE offspring?

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".
Select which terms describe what "co-" means:

Read the definitions of words beginning with the prefix "co-".
Select which terms describe what "co-" means: