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Monday (09/09) - Intro to Endosymbiosis

Last updated about 2 hours ago

30 Nsɛmmisa

Breaking Down "Endosymbiosis"

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What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Endosymbiosis Exit Ticket

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Asemmisa {{asɛmmisaAhyɛnsode}}

1.

Let's break down endosymbiosis!
Endometriosis: disease involving the inside lining of the uterus
Endoskeleton: internal skeleton
Endocardium: membrane that lines the inside of the heart
Endoplasm: inner layer of the cytoplasm in amoeba cells
What do you think the prefix "endo" means?

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2.

Let's break down endosymbiosis!
Symmetric: having the same parts facing each other
Sympathy: bringing people together with a common feeling
Symphony: full orchestra with instruments played together or at the same time
Symposium: a conference bringing many people together to discuss the same topics
What do you think the root word "sym" means?

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3.

Let's break down endosymbiosis!
What does the root word "bio" means?

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4.

Let's break down endosymbiosis!
Diagnosis: identification of a condition or problem that someone has
Osteoporosis: condition where bone density decreases
Metamorphosis: process of transformation from larval form to adult form
Fibrosis: condition where tissues of the lungs are thickened
What do you think the suffix "osis" means?

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5.

Put it all together now!
What do you think endosymbiosis means?

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6.

Complete Earth's Evolutionary Timeline by moving the events described below into the correct order, starting with the oldest event and ending with the most recent event.

Mmuae Afoforo a Wobɛpaw:

Modern Humans

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Multicellular Eukaryotes (Animals and Plants)

Dinosaurs

Unicellular Prokaryotes (Bacteria)

Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10

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Question 11

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Question 12

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Question 13

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Question 14

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Questions 15 & 16

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Question 17

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Questions 18 & 19

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Question 20

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21.

Which of the following best describes the term "Endosymbiosis"?

Different cells living separately and not having any interaction with one another.

Different cells living separately in a relationship in which both cells are competing for shared resources.

Different cells living together in a relationship in which one cell is harmed by the other cell.

Different cells living together in a mutualistic type of relationship in which each type of cell benefits.

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22.

The endosymbiotic theory explains how certain ancient prokaryotes evolved into more complex eukaryotes and also explains why we have bacteria, plant, and animal cells today.
Why is the evolution of viruses not included in the endosymbiotic theory?

Viruses and prokaryotes are the same thing.

The endosymbiotic theory explains that viruses evolved from prokaryotes.

The endosymbiotic theory explains that ancestral eukaryotes absorbed viruses.

The endosymbiotic theory explains how living cells evolved, while viruses are not alive.

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23.

Which cell organelle did the green, prokaryotic bacterial cells evolve into?

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

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24.

Which cell organelle did the purple, prokaryotic bacterial cells evolve into?

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Chloroplasts

Nucleus

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25.

According to Endosymbiotic Theory, the organelles we now call "mitochondria" and "chloroplasts" were once...

eukaryotic cells living freely on their own.

eukaryotic cells living in colonies to support one another.

prokaryotic cells living in colonies to support one another.

prokaryotic cells living freely on their own.

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26.

What evidence do scientists use to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Select THREE correct answers.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are larger than the cells they are inside of.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own nucleus.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own circular DNA, similar to the structure of ancient prokaryotes.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate on their own, and the cell cannot make copies of them if they are destroyed.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have two membranes: an inner membrane from themselves and an outer membrane from the cell.

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27.

In your own words, describe the 3 pieces of evidence scientists believe support the Endosymbiotic theory.

A diagram of the endosymbiotic theory is shown below. Use the diagram to answer the attached questions.

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28.

Based on the diagram, which organism evolved first?

Ancestral Eukaryotes

Photosynthetic Prokaryotes

Ancestral Prokaryotes

Aerobic Prokaryotes

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30.

In your own words, what does the endosymbiotic theory tell us?

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7.

Which cells are considered to be the oldest on Earth?

Protists

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Fungus

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8.

Which of the following best describes the function (job) of the ORANGE cell?

The ability to use oxygen gas to break down materials like sugar and release its energy into a form useful for life activities.

The ability to absorb things by wrapping its cell membrane around them.

The ability to convert solar energy into sugar molecules (food) through photosynthesis.

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9.

Which of the following best describes the function (job) of the GREEN cell?

The ability to use oxygen gas to break down materials like sugar and release its energy into a form useful for life activities.

The ability to absorb things by wrapping its cell membrane around them.

The ability to convert solar energy into sugar molecules (food) through photosynthesis.

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10.

Which of the following best describes the function (job) of the PURPLE cell?

The ability to use oxygen gas to break down materials like sugar and release its energy into a form useful for life activities.

The ability to absorb things by wrapping its cell membrane around them.

The ability to convert solar energy into sugar molecules (food) through photosynthesis.

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11.

"Endosymbiosis" refers to...

different cells living together in a mutualistic type of relationship in which each type of cell benefits.

different cells living together in a relationship in which one cell is harmed by the other cell.

different cells living side by side, but not necessarily together...they like their privacy after all.

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12.

The green, prokaryotic bacterial cells evolved into .

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13.

The organelles we now call "mitochondria" and "chloroplasts" were once...

prokaryotic cells living freely on their own.

prokaryotic cells living in colonies to support one another.

eukaryotic cells living freely on their own.

eukaryotic cells living in colonies to support one another.

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14.

In summary, the "Endosymbiotic Theory"...

explains how DNA came to be surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

explains how complex cells, like eukaryotic cells, evolved by engulfing other smaller prokaryotic cells.

explains how ribosomes have evolved to make proteins.

explains how the Golgi apparatus packages and modifies proteins.

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15.

What is one piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria in our cells multiply the same way as ancient bacteria, independently of the orange cell.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are included inside the orange cell.

Chloroplasts are produced by ribosomes inside of the mitochondria.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own nucleus.

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16.

A cell can make more chloroplasts or mitochondria if they are destroyed.

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17.

Which of the following are TRUE of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Select TWO correct answers.

They have their own linear DNA, like all eukaryotic cells.

They have their own circular DNA, like all prokaryotic cells.

They have their own ribosomes that are similar to ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells.

They have their own ribosomes that are similar to ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells.

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18.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have BOTH inner AND outer membranes.
The inner membrane of either the mitochondria or chloroplast is most closely related to...

the membrane of a prokaryotic cell.

the membrane of a eukaryotic cell.

the membrane of a virus.

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19.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have BOTH inner AND outer membranes.
The outer membrane of either the mitochondria or chloroplast is most closely related to...

the membrane of a prokaryotic cell.

the membrane of a eukaryotic cell.

the membrane of a virus.

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20.

The process of endosymbiosis allows organisms to evolve and become better adapted to life on Earth.

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29.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

Ancestral eukaryotes evolved by engulfing (absorbing) aerobic and photosynthetic prokaryotes.

Infolding of the plasma membrane created aerobic prokaryotes.

Aerobic prokaryotes and photosynthetic prokaryotes have a parasitic (bad) relationship with ancestral eukaryotes.

All ancestral prokaryotes evolved into ancestral eukaryotes.