Domain 2 Cells EOC

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

The illustration above shows a cell and a large particle. Many substances, such as proteins and polysaccharides, are too large to be transported into a cell by carrier proteins. In a process called endocytosis, the large particle is brought into the cell. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes this process?

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

A cell membrane is composed of a double layer of lipids in which many kinds of proteins are embedded. Many of these proteins act like gates, allowing only certain particles to enter or leave the cell.

When a particle has to go against its concentration gradient through one of these gates, energy is supplied by the cell to the correct protein to move the particle through the membrane. A sodium‐potassium ion pump is an example of a type of carrier protein that uses a large portion of the cell’s energy to move sodium ions through the cell membrane.

Why does the study of cell membranes lead to a better understanding of cell function?

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table above. Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?

What is the function of the macromolecule subunit shown above?

The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

The diagram above illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?

Cells may have different shapes and different amounts of organelles, depending on their function. Which features do plant cells have that animal cells lack?

The diagrams above show four stages of a cell dividing by mitosis. Which list of numbers names the diagrams in the correct sequence as they occur in the cell cycle?

Students modeled the changes in cells during mitosis, using paper plates, flat wooden sticks, cotton swabs, and construction paper.

Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how mitosis maintains genetic continuity?

Hemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cells of vertebrates and in the plasma of many invertebrates. The function of this protein is to transport oxygen throughout the body and to bring carbon dioxide back to be expelled from the organism. If the amino acid sequence of the protein is altered, the mutated protein is not as efficient at carrying oxygen as is the normal hemoglobin. Which argument is supported by this information?

A student investigated the effects of the enzyme amylase on starch digestion. The student followed this procedure:

•• Soak a different paper disk in one of six solutions.

•• Place the disks on an agar plate containing starch.

•• Store the agar plate at 37°C for one hour.

•• Flood the agar plate with iodine and then drain.

•• Observe the results.

A white area around a disk indicates starch digestion. The student’s results are

shown in this diagram.

Which conclusion about the enzyme amylase do the student’s results support?

What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic plant cells?

Refer to the picture below of the cell membrane. Certain molecules must travel through this structure when they are large and/or polar. Which macromolecule makes up the blue "channel" shown?

As part of a science class, a group of students went on a field trip to a nearby pond where they collected samples of pond water and a sample of a pond plant. The students used a microscope to study the cells within their samples and also a sample of their own cheek cells. Their observations are recorded in the table below.

According to the table, which pond organism was an animal?

At the end of meiosis, there are

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Part A: Identify and check each phrase as either a description/feature of mitosis, meiosis, or both.

(3 are Mitosis, 3 are meiosis and 2 will be Both)

When does this process occur?

What is the importance of this process?

Is this karyotype from a male or a female?

Are there any chromosomal abnormalities visible?