{{asɛmtiNe Ɔkyerɛwfo}} | Nhomakorabea | Nneɛma a ɛma wotumi yɛ ade

Ɛhia

1

The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams above show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?

It provides information to determine organisms' ages.

It shows possible common ancestry between organisms.

It provides information about the organisms' habitats.

It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms.

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1

When Darwin first proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, the field of genetics did not yet exist. In what way does genetic science now contribute to the study of evolution?

Scientists can use genetic engineering to carry out the process of human evolution over just months instead of millions of years.

Scientists can create organisms that were extinct using DNA from fossils and better understand how they evolved.

Scientists can compare the DNA from fossils in rock to determine evolutionary relationships among extinct species.

Scientists can determine evolutionary relationships among living species by comparing amino acid sequences coded for by DNA.

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1

The diagram above illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Using the diagram as evidence, which of the following conclusions is best supported?

The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.

The organisms share a common ancestry.

The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.

The organisms belong to the same genus.

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1

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?

It will increase genetic diversity.

It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.

It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.

It will randomly decrease the number of alleles for specific traits by a random event

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1

Theodosius Dobzhansky discovered that successful species tend to have a wide variety of genes, some of which do not seem useful in their current environment. How does this finding contribute to our understanding of genetics and evolutionary change in species over time?

It suggests that only traits currently beneficial to a species are passed on to future generations.

It proves that all genes in an organism serve an immediate function in its survival and reproduction.

It shows that species with extra genetic material are less likely to adapt to new environmental conditions.

It suggests that genetic variation provides a reservoir of traits that may become advantageous if the environment changes.

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1

The pictures above show similarities among the forelimbs of three mammals. These similarities provide evidence in support of which of the following hypotheses?

Legs and wings may have evolved from flippers

Cats, dolphins, and bats descended from the same common ancestor

A cat’s leg, a dolphin’s flipper, and a bat’s wing have identical functions

All mammals have evolved from an ancestor that was a bat

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1

How does drug resistance evolve in bacteria?

In the presence of an antibiotic drug, bacteria with genes that make them resistant survive and reproduce, eventually take over the population.

In the bloodstream, different species of bacteria exchange genes and become resistant to antibiotics.

Mutations in some bacterial genes make the bacteria stronger and better able to defeat the body’s immune system.

Unsanitary conditions allow all kinds of bacteria to breed, including those that are antibiotic resistant.

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1

A population of crabs living on a sandy beach exhibits three colors: dark brown, light brown, and speckled, as shown above. The genotypes for these colors are BB for dark brown, bb for light brown, and Bb for speckled. The speckled color blends in extremely well with the color of the sand on the beach. The pattern appears to provide the speckled crabs with some protection from predatory birds.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information above?

The allele for dark brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating dark brown crabs.

The allele for light brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating light brown crabs.

Only the speckled crabs will survive, and all of their offspring will be speckled.

Both the light brown and dark brown alleles will continue to be passed on in the crab population.

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1

Genetic drift states that the random effects of everyday life can cause differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals. What is one effect of genetic drift on evolution?

It can cause a population’s allele frequencies to become those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg principle.

It produces only the traits in a population that are best adapted to the environment.

It can cause certain traits in a population to increase even if those traits are not the ones that are best adapted to the environment.

It can cause an unusual amount of genetic variation within a single population of a species.

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1

At first, a mutation may make no difference to an individual. Even if the mutation results in a nonfunctional protein, the body’s cell may have a functional copy of the gene as its second allele. However, this new nonfunctioning version could be passed on as a recessive allele. This kind of mutation is the probable origin of many recessive disorders. Only characteristics that are expressed can be targets of natural selection. Therefore, natural selection cannot operate against recessive alleles, even if they are unfavorable. What does this explain?

why natural selection can act only against heterozygous carriers of a recessive disorder

why recessive genetic disorders can persist in a population over many generations

why recessive alleles are never expressed

why advantageous offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce

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1

Ruby-throated hummingbirds are found throughout eastern North America. They are omnivores, feeding on nectar, pollen, tree sap, insects, and spiders. They get all the water they need from nectar. Most nests are in forested areas, citrus groves, marshes, and scrubland. The hummingbirds breed in the spring and the summer, and females raise one to three broods per breeding season. Most of the hummingbirds migrate to Mexico or Central America for the winter. Many fly nonstop for 20 hours to cross the Gulf of Mexico. However, increasing numbers of the hummingbirds have begun to winter north of the gulf. Researchers have documented that the hummingbirds’ winter range has expanded northward by about 300 kilometers in recent years.
Which explanation BEST predicts the ability of the hummingbirds to survive their first winter in this new environment?

Finding bodies of water is the most important task for the hummingbirds because they need to supplement the supply of nectar if it is inadequate to provide all the calories the humming birds need to survive.

Finding suitable nesting materials and sites is the most important task the hummingbirds must accomplish because they must produce offspring.

Finding mates to allow the hummingbirds to lay fertile eggs and have two parents to feed the new hatchlings is the most important task for the hummingbirds because they need to ensure there is a new generation of hummingbirds in the region.

Finding a sufficient supply of flowering plants, flowering trees, and insects is the most important task for the hummingbirds because they need food to survive.

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1

The ribosome of the bacterium E. coli includes the ribosomal protein L4 (rpl4). The rpl4 gene carries the instructions for making rpl4 protein. Which of the following arguments provides support for the claim that E. coli has a common ancestor with all other organisms?

Every organism possesses in its ribosome a protein that is similar to rpl4. This protein has an amino

acid sequence that is similar to the sequence of E. coli’s rpl4.

Every organism contains a structure that is similar to a ribosome. This structure helps convert the

instructions from the rpl4 gene into amino acids.

Every organism depends on proteins to carry out essential cellular processes. Ribosomes are needed

by all organisms to synthesize proteins such as rpl4.

Every organism has proteins made of amino acids. The code for amino acids is the same in E. coli

because the instructions for amino acids come from the DNA. DNA contains the same components in

all organisms.

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2

The common cuckoo is a parasite bird that lays its eggs in the nests of host birds. The cuckoo's ability to copy the marking patterns on host birds' eggs has evolved over time. However, the egg patterns of host bird species have also evolved, making them harder to copy and easier for parents to recognize. When host birds do not recognize an egg in their nest, they push it out of the nest. When host birds fail to reject a cuckoo egg, they care for the extra egg, and when it hatches, the baby cuckoo pushes the host bird's eggs out of the nest. The table shows the rate at which three host species recognize their own eggs and the rate at which it rejects cuckoo eggs.

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Based on the data, the developed ability to produce recognizable eggs.

Unit 6 Practice Test 3

Unit 6 Practice Test 3

The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams above show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?

When Darwin first proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, the field of genetics did not yet exist. In what way does genetic science now contribute to the study of evolution?

The diagram above illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Using the diagram as evidence, which of the following conclusions is best supported?

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?

Theodosius Dobzhansky discovered that successful species tend to have a wide variety of genes, some of which do not seem useful in their current environment. How does this finding contribute to our understanding of genetics and evolutionary change in species over time?

The pictures above show similarities among the forelimbs of three mammals. These similarities provide evidence in support of which of the following hypotheses?

How does drug resistance evolve in bacteria?

Genetic drift states that the random effects of everyday life can cause differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals. What is one effect of genetic drift on evolution?

The ribosome of the bacterium E. coli includes the ribosomal protein L4 (rpl4). The rpl4 gene carries the instructions for making rpl4 protein. Which of the following arguments provides support for the claim that E. coli has a common ancestor with all other organisms?

The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams above show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?

When Darwin first proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, the field of genetics did not yet exist. In what way does genetic science now contribute to the study of evolution?

The diagram above illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Using the diagram as evidence, which of the following conclusions is best supported?

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?

Theodosius Dobzhansky discovered that successful species tend to have a wide variety of genes, some of which do not seem useful in their current environment. How does this finding contribute to our understanding of genetics and evolutionary change in species over time?

The pictures above show similarities among the forelimbs of three mammals. These similarities provide evidence in support of which of the following hypotheses?

How does drug resistance evolve in bacteria?

Genetic drift states that the random effects of everyday life can cause differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals. What is one effect of genetic drift on evolution?

The ribosome of the bacterium E. coli includes the ribosomal protein L4 (rpl4). The rpl4 gene carries the instructions for making rpl4 protein. Which of the following arguments provides support for the claim that E. coli has a common ancestor with all other organisms?