what is a peninsula?
Why were rivers important to the peoples of Europe?
Name the Germanic groups that invaded and settled in Brittain during the middle ages.
How were the Catholic Church and Roman emperors connected to each other?
How did the Battle of Tours effect European history?
What major issue did kings and popes disagree on?
List two ways monasteries were important in early medieval Europe.
What is the difference between a vassal and a knight?
What did people do in exchange for the protection of a noble?
Which parts of a castle were like a fort, and which were like a home?
What were the rules of behavior that knights followed?
What is a serf?
Why might a serf run away from a manor?
What inventions or changes helped medieval peasants grow more food?
How were the lives of freemen and serfs different?
Why did trade resume after feudalism began?
How did guilds affect the way medieval townspeople made a living?
List two ways that increased trade changed life in medieval Europe.
What is the difference between a grand jury and a trial jury?
Which ruler of England had the most impact on English law or government and why?
How did the common law help unite England?
How was the Estates-General of France different from England's Parliament?
Why did the rulers of Moscow work with the Mongols?
What was the goal of the first crusade?
What was one way the Crusades changed Christian Europe?
What type of degree could a student in a medieval university earn for studying music?
What were two styles of cathedrals built in medieval Europe?
Give three examples of vernacular languages.
Why was it important that literature was written in everyday language?
Why were many new religious orders founded beginning in the 1000's?
Explain what a mass is.
What is heresy?
What was the punishment for being convicted of heresy?
Give three example of how european Christians mistreated Jews.
Why did Church officials set up the inquisition?
What is a plague?
How many western Europeans died of the Black Death?
What was the most important effect of the plague?
How was the Black Death spread?
Why did the 100 Years War happen?
Who was Joan of Arc?
What was the Reconquista?
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
How did Ferdinand and Isabella treat those of Muslim and Jewish faiths?
List 4 ways disputes and wars changed societies in Europe during this time.
What was the Great Schism?