Mesopotamia was an ancient society that was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East. This historical nation is often referred to as the fertile crescent because of its mineral-rich soil. Located in modern-day Iraq, it is thought of as the birthplace of civilization. The yearly floods and adequate rain made it a successful farming region resulting in a kingdom that flourished for many years. An abundance of natural resources such as timber assisted in enabling Mesopotamians to trade with neighboring civilizations.