Symbiotic Relationships
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Posljednje ažuriranje about 7 years ago
22 questions
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Whales and Barnacles
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Acacia Tree and Ants
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Sea Lamprey and Fish
The Sea
Lamprey latches onto a fish and uses its teeth to hold on and to the skin of a
fish, leaving an open wound for the lamprey to feed on. It drops off, usually without killing the
fish. Sea Lampreys are not specific on
any species of fish; they will latch onto any living thing and try to feed.
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Pilot fish and other fish
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Bromeliads and Tree
Bromeliads avoid the hassle of creating a trunk to lift their leaves above the forest floor and closer to the sun. They simply grow on the branches of trees. Since the bromeliads don't take any nutrients from the trees.
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Tapeworms and Animals
Tapeworms
are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines
of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's
partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients.
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/c6897873-97f5-41fd-9512-10561d1012a2
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/c6897873-97f5-41fd-9512-10561d1012a2
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Honeyguide Bird and Ratel
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Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trees
Many mycorrhizal fungal varieties live in close association with trees and other plants, drawing in nutrients from deep underground and providing them to the tree in exchange for a share of the energy (in the form of sugars) produced by the tree’s photosynthesis.
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Wasps and Insects
Several species of wasp, immobilize another insect by stinging it. The female then carries the insect to a burrow, where she lays eggs within its body. After the female’s eggs hatch, the larvae consume the living tissues of the insect, this will eventually kill it.
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Remora and Whale
Remora sharks are endowed with an adhesive disk on the dorsal surface of their heads. They use this adhesive disk to “hitch a ride” on larger animals, usually whales, which tend to be sloppy eaters. When food floats away from the whale’s mouth, the remora can unhitch itself and collect the scraps of food floating by.
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Cecropia Trees and Ants
Cecropia trees have hollow trunks, and
inside they secrete a sugary liquid that's nutritious to ants. Azteca ants
colonize the trees, filling the trunk with millions of ants, who receive
shelter and food from the tree. The tree is vulnerable to vines, which can
grow on it, weigh it down or choke it. Azteca ants patrol the Cecropia and use
their jaws to cut away any vines.
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Legumes and Rhyzobia Bacteria
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Acoel Flatworm and Algae
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Horsehair Worm and Grasshopper/Insects
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Cordyceps Fungus and Ants
The Cordyceps fungus lodges itself inside a variety of ant, and compels it to climb
as high as the ant can and then pushes outside of the ant body and allows the
fungus to replace the ant’s tissue with its own. This ensures the fungus will grow at an
optimal temperature and humidity in its habitat.
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Human Digestive Tract and Bacteria
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Beetle and Pseudoscorpions
A few species
of pseudoscorpions disperse by concealing themselves under the wing covers of large
beetles such as the cerambycid beetle shown below. The pseudoscorpions gain the
advantage of being dispersed over wide areas while simultaneously being protected
from predators.
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Cleaner Birds and Bigger Animals
Egrets, oxpeckers, plovers and brown-headed
cowbirds all spend a good portion of their lives riding around on other
animals. The birds pick off insects, ticks and other parasites to eat. Plovers
hop into the mouths of basking crocodiles to eat leeches. The animals (zebras,
bison, warthogs, domestic cattle) are kept clean of harmful insects. The
cleaner birds also act as an alarm system, notifying their host when danger is
present.
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Dodder Plant and Other Plants
The Dodder
plant is often found twined round the stems of clover plants or grasses, which
it damages severely. At intervals along the twining stem small root like
structures, called haustoria, link the Dodder to another plant and penetrate
into its vascular bundles. In this way the Dodder obtains organic nutrients,
water and mineral salts directly from the other plant. The other plant cannot
receive the maximum nutrients and its growth is stunted. Dodder cannot
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Flower and Insects/Bats/Birds
Flowers contain nectar, a sweet, energy-rich
material that gives the insect, bat or bird a
nutritional benefit. When the animal moves on to the next flower for more
nectar, it inadvertently carries pollen there.
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