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DNA/Protein Synthesis/Cell Cycle HN

Last updated about 7 years ago

31 questions

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These questions will cover material from prior units, and are similar to questions that are likely to appear on the SOL.

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Respond to all open-ended questions as completely as possible. Full sentences are encouraged, but not required.

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Question 1

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Question 2

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Question 3

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Refer to this diagramme for #4.

Question 4

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Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10

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Refer to this diagramme for #11.

Question 11

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Question 12

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Refer to this diagramme for #13.

Question 13

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Refer to this diagramme for #14 and #15.

Question 14

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Question 15

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Refer to this diagramme for #16.

Question 16

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Refer to this diagramme for #17.

Question 17

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Question 18

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Question 19

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Review Questions

Question 20

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Refer to this diagramme for #21.

Question 21

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Refer to this diagramme for #22.

Question 22

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Refer to this diagramme for #23.

Question 23

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Refer to this diagramme for #24.

Question 24

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Refer to this diagramme for #25.

Question 25

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Short Answer

Question 26

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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? Be specific! (1)

Question 27

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Why does DNA replication take place? (1)

Question 28

28.

Draw and label the DNA nucleotide. (4)Use the largest text possible.

Question 29

29.

Complete the chart below for Transcription and Translation. (6)Use the largest text possible.

Refer to this diagramme for #29.

Question 30

30.

Beginning with Cell D, write the correct order for the cells above that are going through mitosis. (5)

Question 31

31.

In the Venn diagramme below, compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Include the processes as well as the end products of each. (6)Use the largest text possible.

A large molecule of DNA is composed of smaller molecules called:

Glucose

Amino acids

Fatty Acids

Nucleotides

Which one of the following nucleotide base pairs would be found in a DNA
molecule?

cytosine – uracil

adenine – guanine

guanine – cytosine

adenine – cytosine

A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with:

Deoxyribose sugar and thymine

Ribose sugar and cytosine

Deoxyribose sugar and uracil

Ribose sugar and adenine

What part of a nucleotide is labeled “A” on the DNA molecule above?

Nitrogenous base

Deoxyribose

Ribose

Phosphate group

In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. What is 
the complementary DNA sequence that normally bonds to this section of the gene?

A-G-C-T-T-A

U-G-C-A-A-U

A-C-G-T-A-A

A-C-G-U-U-A

Watson and Crick described the DNA molecule as a:

Double helix

Straight chain

Single strand

Branching chain

The process of DNA replication is necessary before a cell:

Makes a protein.

Codes for RNA molecules.

Divides its nucleus into two.

Modifies lysosome enzymes.

The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called:

Binary fission

Replication

Mitosis

Translation

DNA replication results in:

A single identical double-stranded molecule.

Two different double-stranded molecules.

A single different double-stranded molecule.

Two identical double-stranded molecules.

Which of these is responsible for carrying coded information from the nucleus?

mRNA

Ribosomes

Cell membrane

ATP

Use the codon chart supplied to you to answer this question.
Determine the correct polypeptide strand if the mRNA strand contains the 
following code:
UGC AGG CAU CGA

cys arg his arg

gin asp glu stop

thr ser val ala

leu pro arg gly

A scientist compared the genes and proteins from a root cell and a leaf cell of
a single apple tree. What will the scientist observe about the cells?

They have the same set of genes but different sets of proteins.

They have the same set of genes and the same set of proteins.

They have different sets of genes but the same set of proteins.

They have different sets of genes and different sets of proteins.

The diagram above shows the steps in producing a protein. Where in the cell does
step 2 occur?

Nucleus

Ribosome

Lysosome

Golgi body

The diagramme above represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present
in all cells of all organisms.
What will most likely happen if there is a change in the base sequence of this
molecule?

The molecule will be converted into an inorganic compound.

The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis.

The chromosome number will decrease in future generations.

The chromosome number may increase within the organism.

How do cells use the genetic information within this molecule?

DNA is broken down and used by mitochondria to manufacture ATP.

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is used to manufacture proteins.

DNA is copied and used by chloroplasts to manufacture glucose.

DNA is translated and used to manufacture cell organelles.

Use the codon table supplied to you to answer this question. A normal portion of
a gene in DNA reads AAA/TGT/CGA/CCA. 
The DNA is exposed to chemicals that cause mutations. Which of the DNA mutations
shown below will cause a change in the amino acid sequence?

AAA to AAG

TGT to TGG

CCA to CAA

CGA to CGG

Which of the following is the correct sequence for plant cell mitosis in the
diagram above?

A B C D

B C A D

C B A D

D A B C

Although mitosis ends with two identical diploid cells, meiosis ends with:

Four identical diploid cells.

Four genetically different diploid cells.

Four identical haploid cells.

Four genetically different haploid cells.

Meiosis occurs during the production of:

Reproductive cells

Skin cells

Muscle cells

Somatic cells

Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of humidity affected the
flowering of these plants. Which of these was the independent variable in this
study?

The amount watered.

The percentage of humidity.

The length of time required for flowering.

The number of flowers on each plant.

The picture shows some containers of different foods that were left in the open
for 2 days. Which question could most realistically be answered by this
experiment?

How does a fly digest different foods?

How much energy do flies get from different foods?

Which food attracts flies from the greatest distance?

Which food attracts the most flies?

This graph shows the sizes of lynx (large predatory cat) and hare (similar to a
rabbit) populations between the years of 1845 and 1940. If a predator of the
lynx enters the food chain, you might expect the number of...

lynx and hares to become equal.

lynx to increase.

hares to increase.

hares and lynx to decrease.

In this figure, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of
available energy:

Increases.

Decreases.

Decreases then increases.

Increases or decreases, but population size remains the same.

In the cell membrane model shown above, the molecules which move large molecules
into and out of the cell are known as:

Cholesterol

Proteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Which factor would need to be known before a valid conclusion could be based
upon the data shown above?

The length of the study period.

The original average height of grass.

The density of the phosphate solutions

The mineral content of the potting soil.