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Unit 2 Exam

Last updated over 5 years ago

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Answer the questions by clicking on the correct answer. You will have ONE class period in which to complete this exam.

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Do NOT forget to turn in this assignment on Google Classroom after you have submitted it here! No credit will be awarded for unsubmitted assignments.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

A. It is formed in nature.

B. It is a living material.

C. It has a crystalline structure.

D. It is a solid.

In addition to reclamation, a good way to reduce the environmental effects of mining is to

A. recycle mineral products.

B. dig deeper mines.

C. use more metals.

D. flush mines with water.

Which of the following is NOT true of minerals?

A. They are liquids.

B. They are formed in nature.

C. They are inorganic.

D. They have a crystalline structure.

Which of the following is not a class of nonsilicate minerals?

A. oxides

B. micas

C. carbonates

D. native elements

What is a mineral deposit that is large and pure enough to be mined called?

A. gemstone

B. ore

C. pluton

D. pegmatite

What is the name for a nonmetallic mineral that is valued for its beauty and rarity rather than its usefullness?

A. plutons

B. gemstones

C. ores

D. pegmatites

In addition to silicon & oxygen, silicate minerals usually contain

A. other elements.

B. other liquids.

C. other gases.

D. other crystals.

The potentially harmful effects of mining can be reduced by

A. reclamation of the land.

B. strip mining.

C. using more metals.

D. flushing mines with water.

Which mineral is the most resistant to scratching?

A. fluorite

B. talc

C. diamond

D. gypsum

Besides air & water, what can change the color of a mineral?

A. pyrite

B. location

C. streak

D. impurities

What occurs when minerals break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces?

A. luster

B. fracture

C. cleavage

D. streak

What is the color of a mineral in powdered form called?

A. fracture

B. luster

C. cleavage

D. streak

The process in which water, wind, ice & heat break down rock is called

A. uplift.

B. intrusion.

C. recrystallization.

D. weathering.

Which of the following processes changes rock on Earth's surface?

A. metamorphism

B. erosion

C. compaction

cementation

What forms when rock partially or completely melts?

A. limestone

B. reefs

C. ripple marks

D. magma

Which of the following are ways magma is formed?

A. by compaction & cementation

B. by melting & cooling

C. by changes in composition

D. by weathering & erosion

What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly?

A. coarse-grained

B. large-grained

C. fine-grained

D. medium-grained

What kind of rock is formed when magma melts into pre-existing rock?

A. extrusive igneous rock

B. clastic sedimentary rock

C. intrusive igneous rock

D. organic sedimentary rock

What kind of rock is formed from lava that cools on the Earth's surface?

A. extrusive igneous rock

B. clastic sedimentary rock

C. intrusive igneous rock

D. organic sedimentary rock

Which process forms sediment?

A. weathering

B. cementation

C. compaction

D. deposition

What are strata?

A. mineral fragments

B. minerals crystallized out of solution

C. layers in sedimentary rock

D. fossils in sedimentary rock

What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils?

A. organic

B. stratified

C. chemical

D. clastic

What is the process called in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers?

A. erosion

B. extrusion

C. weathering

D. stratification

How did humans use rocks in the past?

A. to play sports

B. to tell time

C. to write

D. to make tools

Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of

A. cementation.

B. stratification.

C. erosion.

D. foliation.

What are the main catagories of sedimentary rock?

A. extrusive & intrusive

B. clastic, chemical & organic

C. felsic & mafic

D. foliated & nonfoliated

What kind of metamorphic rock has its mineral grains arranged in planes or bands?

A. extrusive

B. foliated

C. nonfoliated

D. intrusive

The process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called

A. deposition.

B. stratification.

C. cementation.

D. foliation.

When shale is exposed to slight heat & pressure, what foliated metamorphic rock does it become?

A. schist

B. gneiss

C. phyllite

D. slate

What is the grain size of the igneous rock formed when magma cools quickly?

A. fine-grained

B. large-grained

C. medium-grained

D. coarse-grained

What do folds or bends in rock show?

A. They have been weathered.

B. They have been deformed.

C. They have cooled slowly.

D. They have cooled rapidly.

What is one way that magma forms?

A. when rock is heated

B. when rock is cooled

C. when rock is cemented

D. when rock is weathered

Besides heat, what else causes a rock to undergo metamorphism?

A. melting

B. weathering

C. cooling rate

D. pressure

What is the largest of all intrusive igneous rock formations?

A. plutons

B. fissures

C. batholiths

D. sills

What kind of texture will a conglomerate rock have?

A. large-grained

B. fine-grained

C. medium-grained

D. coarse-grained

Besides clastic & chemical, what is the other kind of sedimentary rock?

A. extrusive

B. foliated

C. organic

D. intrusive

What determines the composition of a rock?

A. the texture it has

B. the deposition that occurs

C. the minerals it is made of

D. the weathering of nearby rocks

Which of the following is NOT a way to obtain fossil fuels?

A. strip mining

B. shaft mining

C. growing them on farms

D. drilling wells

Which of the following is NOT a problem created by fossil fuel use?

A. smog

B. nuclear waste disposal

C. displacement of wildlife

D. acid precipitation

What is any natural material used by humans called?

A. a biological resource

B. a nonrenewable resource

C. a renewable resource

D. a natural resource

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A. fresh water

B. coal

C. petroleum

D. natural gas

Natural resources that humans use to generate energy are called

A. human resources.

B. energy resources.

C. power resources.

D. Earth resources.

The use of solar energy systems is limited by

A. the high cost of the equipment.

B. the need for pollution controls.

C. the low availability of energy.

D. the production of toxic wastes.

Which of the following did NOT come from once living organisms?

A. gasohol

B. crude oil

C. uranium

D. charcoal

Which of the following is a nonrenewabe resource?

A. trees

B. wind

C. fresh water

D. natural gas

What is reusing waste or scrap materials called?

A. reducing

B. refreshing

C. recycling

D. resourcing

From what do petroleum & natural gas mostly form?

A. the remains of swamp plants

B. the remains of land animals

C. the remains of sea organisms

D. the remains of burnt-out forests

Which of the following is NOT a stage of coal formation?

A. lignite

B. hematite

C. anthracite

D. peat

What is the joining of two or more nuclei to form a larger nucleus called?

A. atom splitting

B. atom splicing

C. fission

D. fusion

Where does biomass energy come from?

A. organic matter

B. nuclear reactors

C. wind power

D. falling water

According to uniformitarianism, how does geologic change happen?

A. every few years

B. suddenly

C. gradually

D. after an earthquake

Which of the following events would be a catastrophe?

A. an average rainfall

B. an asteroid hitting the Earth

C. gradual erosion

D. deposition

What is the most common type of unconformity?

A. a disconformity

B. an angular unconformity

C. a nonconformity

D. a fault

Which two methods of radiometric dating are used for rocks more than 10 million years old?

A. rubidium-strontium (Rb/Sr) and uranium-lead (U/Pb)

B. rubidium-strontium (Rb/Sr) and potassium-argon (K/Ar)

C. rubidium-strontium (Rb/Sr) and carbon-14 (C14)

D. rubidium-strontium (Rb/Sr) and carbon-12 (C12)

Which of the following is an example of mineral replacement?

A. LaBrea asphalt

B. a frozen mammoth

C. hardened tree sap

D. petrified wood

Which kinds of temperatures will slow down an organism's decay?

A. warm temperatures in a wet climate

B. cool temperatures

C. freezing temperatures

D. hot temperatures

Which era are we in now?

A. Paleozoic

B. Mesozoic

C. Cenozoic

D. Jurassic

What process involves the comparison of rock layers with others in a sequence to determine its age?

A. radioactive decay

B. radiometric dating

C. relative dating

D. absolute dating

Which of the following is the largest division of geologic time?

A. eon

B. epoch

C. era

D. period

Erosion is one of the major causes of missing rock layers, known as

A. superposition.

B. unconformities.

C. the geologic column.

D. tilting.

A fossil used to date surrounding rock layers is called a(n)

A. index fossil.

B. mold.

C. cast.

D. trace fossil.

How many years of the history of Earth do geologists study?

A. 5,000 years

B. 1,000 years

C. 2,500,000 years

D. 4,600,000,000 years

The phrase "younger over older" could be used to remember the principle of 

A. absolute dating.

B. geologic columns.

C. unconformities.

D. superposition.

Which of the following do geologists use to date rock layers?

A. trace fossils

B. molds

C.  index fossils

D. casts

What do scientists think may have caused dinosaurs to become extinct?

A. climate change

B. competition from mammals

C. disappearance of prey

D. competition between dinosaurs

What happens during radioactive decay?

A. Isotopes become radioactive.

B. Stable isotopes become unstable isotopes.

C. Radioactive isotopes break down into stable isotopes of other elements.

D. Radioactive isotopes break down into unstable isotopes.

How do geologists use the geologic time scale?

A. to divide Earth's history into managable parts

B. to date rock layers

C. to predict future extinction events

D. to record catastrophes

What can a scientist learn from studying the relationships between fossils?

A. how paleontology has changed

B. how life has changed

C. how science has changed

D. how the geologic column has changed

What would geologists use to determine the most accurate and precise age of Earth's oldest rocks?

A. relative dating

B. the uranium-lead (U/Pb) method

C. the carbon-14 (C14) method

D. index fossils

Global climate change may have caused the extinction of which group of animals?

A. birds

B. mammals

C. dinosaurs

D. insects

Which of the following is NOT a method of absolute dating?

A. uranium-lead (U/Pb)

B. strontium-rubidium (Sr/Rb)

C. carbon-12 (C12)

D. potassium-argon (K/Ar)

What do scientists know about an undisturbed sequence of rocks?

A. Older rocks are on top of younger rocks.

B. Younger rocks are on top of older rocks.

C. Younger rocks are under older rocks.

D. Older rocks have eroded away.

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

A. Most organisms never became fossils.

B. Scientist's don't like to work on it.

C. There isn't enough asphalt.

D. There isn't enough amber.

Which method is most useful in dating the remains of plants and animals that lived within the last 50,000 years?

A. uranium-lead (U/Pb)

B. strontium-rubidium (Sr/Rb)

C. potassium-argon (K/Ar)

D. carbon-14 (C14)

Which part of an animal is most commonly preserved?

A. the eyes

B. the soft parts

C. the shell or bones

D. the organs